currently sorted by:
species, alphabetic
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Species |
Alpha Code* |
Safe date start** |
Safe date end |
Habitat |
(Myrtle Warbler) Yellow-rumped Warbler |
MYWA | 5 / 25 |
8 / 10 | Mature White Pines (SE), coniferous forest (C, W) |
(Slate-colored Junco) Dark-eyed Junco |
SCJU | 5 / 1 |
9 / 5 | Edges in coniferous or mixed woodlands; saplings and brushy thickets at higher elevations |
(Yellow-shafted Flicker) Northern Flicker |
YSFL | 5 / 1 |
7 / 25 | Forests, parks |
Acadian Flycatcher |
ACFL | 6 / 5 |
8 / 1 | Red Maple swamp (SE) and Hemlock (elsewhere) |
Alder Flycatcher |
ALFL | 6 / 5 |
8 / 1 | Shrub (esp. Alder) swamp |
American Bittern |
AMBI | 5 / 15 |
8 / 1 | Fresh/brackish reedy pond or marsh |
American Black Duck |
ABDU | 5 / 1 |
8 / 5 | Most wetlands, from beaver ponds to saltmarsh |
American Coot |
AMCO | 6 / 1 |
8 / 15 | Fresh/brackish reedy pond or marsh |
American Crow |
AMCR | 3 / 25 |
7 / 15 | Conifers in forested areas, woodlots, suburban yards, parks |
American Goldfinch |
AMGO | 6 / 1 |
8 / 1 | Forest edge, copses, brushy areas, marsh edges, residential |
American Kestrel |
AMKE | 5 / 10 |
7 / 20 | Open country, scattered trees, edge |
American Oystercatcher |
AMOY | 5 / 15 |
8 / 15 | Upper portions of coastal beach, dunes |
American Redstart |
AMRE | 6 / 1 |
8 / 1 | Secondary forest, copses |
American Robin |
AMRO | 5 / 1 |
9 / 1 | Almost anywhere except the most open habitats such as marsh, grasslands |
American Wigeon |
AMWI | 5 / 15 |
8 / 5 | Fresh/brackish pond or marsh |
American Woodcock |
AMWO | 4 / 15 |
7 / 15 | Forest edges |
Arctic Tern |
ARTE | 6 / 1 |
8 / 5 | Coastal sandy beaches, islands |
Bald Eagle |
BAEA | 4 / 15 |
8 / 15 | Margins of large lakes, rivers |
Baltimore Oriole |
BAOR | 5 / 25 |
8 / 1 | Open deciduous forest, shade trees in urban or rural areas |
Bank Swallow |
BANS | 5 / 25 |
7 / 1 | Earthen embankments |
Barn Owl |
BANO | 4 / 1 |
8 / 1 | Open habitats |
Barn Swallow |
BARS | 5 / 25 |
7 / 1 | Structures offering access to interior; barns, garages, porches, sheds, etc. |
Barred Owl |
BADO | 4 / 1 |
7 / 15 | Moist woods, wooded swamps, bottomlands. |
Belted Kingfisher |
BEKI | 5 / 1 |
8 / 10 | Stream, river, lake, or bay shore with banks |
Bicknell's Thrush |
BITH | 6 / 1 |
8 / 10 | High elevation spruce/fir forest |
Black Guillemot |
BLGU | 6 / 1 |
8 / 1 | Coastal rock ledge |
Black Skimmer |
BLSK | 6 / 1 |
8 / 1 | Coastal, sandy beach |
Black Vulture |
BLVU | 5 / 10 |
8 / 15 | Woods, cliffs, caves, buildings |
Black-and-white Warbler |
BAWW | 5 / 25 |
8 / 1 | Mainly deciduous forest |
Black-billed Cuckoo |
BBCU | 6 / 5 |
8 / 15 | Forested habitats, edge |
Black-capped Chickadee |
BCCH | 4 / 1 |
8 / 15 | Woodlands, orchards, shade trees, yards, and city parks |
Black-crowned Night-Heron |
BCNH | 5 / 5 |
7 / 15 | Coastal Islands |
Black-throated Blue Warbler |
BTBW | 5 / 25 |
8 / 10 | Mixed woods with dense understory, esp. Mountain Laurel |
Black-throated Green Warbler |
BTNW | 5 / 25 |
8 / 5 | Coniferous and mature mixed forest |
Blackburnian Warbler |
BLBW | 5 / 25 |
8 / 5 | Coniferous forest |
Blackpoll Warbler |
BLPW | 6 / 10 |
8 / 10 | High elevation spruce, Balsam Fir forest |
Blue Grosbeak |
BLGR | 6 / 1 |
6 / 30 | |
Blue Jay |
BLJA | 5 / 1 |
8 / 15 | Varied; including most forest types, thickets, suburban yards, parks |
Blue-gray Gnatcatcher |
BGGN | 5 / 15 |
8 / 1 | Wooded edges along ponds, rivers, streams, swamps, beaver ponds |
Blue-headed Vireo |
BHVI | 5 / 15 |
8 / 10 | Mature coniferous or mixed woods |
Blue-winged Teal |
BWTE | 5 / 10 |
8 / 5 | Fresh/brackish pond or marsh |
Blue-winged Warbler |
BWWA | 5 / 20 |
8 / 1 | Old, brushy fields, copses, edge with low undergrowth, powerline cuts |
Bobolink |
BOBO | 6 / 1 |
8 / 1 | Grasslands, including airports, hayfields |
Brewster's Warbler (Golden-winged x Blue-winged) |
BRWA | 5 / 20 |
8 / 1 | Old, brushy fields, copses, edge with low undergrowth, powerline cuts |
Broad-winged Hawk |
BWHA | 5 / 15 |
7 / 25 | Mature, mixed woodlands |
Brown Creeper |
BRCR | 5 / 20 |
8 / 1 | Mature, mixed, and swampy forest, including Atlantic White Cedar swamps |
Brown Thrasher |
BRTH | 5 / 15 |
8 / 10 | Dry secondary growth; powerlines cuts, overgrown pastures, coastal thickets, etc. |
Brown-headed Cowbird |
BHCO | 5 / 1 |
7 / 15 | Virtually all habitats; anywhere host species are found |
Canada Goose |
CANG | 4 / 15 |
8 / 1 | Shore or islands in any wetland |
Canada Warbler |
CAWA | 6 / 5 |
8 / 1 | Thick undergrowth in moist deciduous or mixed forest; cedar swamp, Red Maple (SE) |
Carolina Wren |
CARW | 4 / 1 |
8 / 15 | Wet woods, stream edges with dense thickets, tangles, brush piles, etc. |
Cattle Egret |
CAEG | 5 / 10 |
7 / 15 | Coastal Islands |
Cedar Waxwing |
CEDW | 6 / 10 |
8 / 15 | Second-growth forest, parks, orchards, gardens, and margins of waterways |
Cerulean Warbler |
CERW | 6 / 1 |
8 / 1 | Mature, moist deciduous forest |
Chestnut-sided Warbler |
CSWA | 5 / 25 |
8 / 1 | Brushy, open second-growth, edges |
Chimney Swift |
CHSW | 5 / 25 |
8 / 15 | Urban chimneys |
Chipping Sparrow |
CHSP | 5 / 1 |
8 / 15 | Open mixed forest, suburbs, parks, and cemeteries with conifers |
Chuck-will's-widow |
CWWI | 6 / 1 |
7 / 15 | Scrub Oak |
Clapper Rail |
CLRA | 5 / 15 |
8 / 1 | salt and brackish marsh |
Clay-colored Sparrow |
CCSP | 6 / 1 |
8 / 1 | Shrubby grasslands |
Cliff Swallow |
CLSW | 5 / 25 |
7 / 1 | Eves and sides of old barns and other buildings, bridges |
Common Eider |
COEI | 5 / 15 |
8 / 1 | Coastal islands |
Common Gallinule |
COGA | 5 / 25 |
8 / 15 | Fresh/brackish reedy pond or marsh |
Common Grackle |
COGR | 5 / 15 |
7 / 10 | Wide variety of urban and rural habitats from open forest to fresh and salt marshes, parks, etc. |
Common Loon |
COLO | 6 / 1 |
8 / 1 | Lakes and ponds |
Common Merganser |
COME | 5 / 10 |
8 / 5 | Lake or river |
Common Nighthawk |
CONI | 6 / 5 |
8 / 1 | Barren habitats including river bars and flat rooftops |
Common Raven |
CORA | 3 / 20 |
7 / 20 | Remote forested areas |
Common Tern |
COTE | 6 / 1 |
8 / 5 | Coastal islands, saltmarsh |
Common Yellowthroat |
COYE | 6 / 1 |
8 / 10 | Brushy areas, thickets, powerline cuts, preferably wet |
Cooper's Hawk |
COHA | 5 / 5 |
8 / 1 | Mixed woodlands, groves, copses |
Dickcissel |
DICK | 6 / 1 |
6 / 30 | |
Double-crested Cormorant |
DCCO | 5 / 10 |
8 / 5 | Islands on coast or lake |
Downy Woodpecker |
DOWO | 5 / 1 |
7 / 25 | Forests, copses, suburbs |
Eastern Bluebird |
EABL | 5 / 1 |
8 / 15 | Open areas with scattered trees; farmland, orchards, swamps, pastures, etc. |
Eastern Kingbird |
EAKI | 5 / 25 |
7 / 25 | Open habitats, including edge, copses, often near water |
Eastern Meadowlark |
EAME | 5 / 5 |
7 / 25 | Extensive grasslands, including airports, margins of saltmarsh |
Eastern Phoebe |
EAPH | 5 / 1 |
8 / 15 | Ledges, bridges, porch sills, etc., usually near water |
Eastern Screech-Owl |
EASO | 4 / 1 |
8 / 1 | Open deciduous forests, woodlots, orchards, residential areas |
Eastern Towhee |
EATO | 5 / 1 |
8 / 10 | Dry, open forest, edge, brushy habitats, including coastal thickets, powerline cuts |
Eastern Wood-Pewee |
EAWP | 6 / 5 |
8 / 1 | Mature forest |
European Starling |
EUST | 1 / 1 |
12 / 31 | Everywhere except remote rural areas |
Evening Grosbeak |
EVGR | 5 / 25 |
8 / 15 | Mixed forest |
Field Sparrow |
FISP | 5 / 1 |
8 / 5 | Brushy areas, weedy fields, powerline cuts |
Fish Crow |
FICR | 5 / 1 |
7 / 15 | Mixed woods, woodlots, suburban yards, parks |
Forster's Tern |
FOTE | 6 / 1 |
8 / 5 | Saltmarsh |
Gadwall |
GADW | 5 / 15 |
8 / 5 | Fresh/brackish water or saltmarsh |
Glossy Ibis |
GLIB | 5 / 1 |
7 / 15 | Coastal Islands |
Golden-crowned Kinglet |
GCKI | 5 / 10 |
8 / 1 | Coniferous woods |
Golden-winged Warbler |
GWWA | 5 / 20 |
8 / 1 | Damp brushy fields, powerline cuts |
Grasshopper Sparrow |
GRSP | 5 / 25 |
8 / 10 | Grasslands, including airports, hayfields |
Gray Catbird |
GRCA | 5 / 20 |
8 / 15 | Dense tangles and thickets |
Great Black-backed Gull |
GBBG | 5 / 1 |
8 / 1 | Coastal islands |
Great Blue Heron |
GBHE | 5 / 1 |
7 / 15 | Wooded swamps, beaver ponds, islands |
Great Cormorant |
GRCO | 5 / 1 |
8 / 5 | Islands on coast |
Great Crested Flycatcher |
GCFL | 5 / 25 |
8 / 1 | Mature forest, edge |
Great Egret |
GREG | 5 / 15 |
7 / 15 | Islands on coast or lake |
Great Horned Owl |
GHOW | 1 / 1 |
12 / 31 | Wide variety of habitats from forest to farmland |
Green Heron |
GRHE | 5 / 10 |
8 / 1 | Woody growth near marshes or open water |
Green-winged Teal |
GWTE | 5 / 15 |
8 / 5 | Fresh/brackish pond or marsh |
Hairy Woodpecker |
HAWO | 4 / 25 |
7 / 20 | Forests |
Henslow's Sparrow |
HESP | 6 / 1 |
8 / 1 | Weedy fields, wet meadows |
Hermit Thrush |
HETH | 5 / 10 |
9 / 10 | Damp mixed forest with dense undergrowth including pine barrens |
Herring Gull |
HERG | 5 / 1 |
8 / 1 | Coastal shores/islands, flat rooftops |
Hooded Merganser |
HOME | 5 / 15 |
8 / 5 | Wooded swamps, freshwater marshes, streams |
Hooded Warbler |
HOWA | 6 / 1 |
8 / 1 | Moist thickets in woodlands |
Horned Lark |
HOLA | 4 / 25 |
8 / 1 | Coastal dunes and beaches, abandoned agricultural fields, airports |
House Finch |
HOFI | 4 / 15 |
8 / 1 | Scattered trees- especially conifers- mainly in residential areas |
House Sparrow |
HOSP | 1 / 1 |
12 / 31 | Residential, farms |
House Wren |
HOWR | 5 / 20 |
8 / 15 | Open forests, wood edges, farms, orchards, suburbs, parks, gardens |
Indigo Bunting |
INBU | 5 / 25 |
8 / 10 | Brushy habitats including forest edge, overgrown fields, powerline cuts |
Kentucky Warbler |
KEWA | 6 / 1 |
8 / 1 | Wet thickets, dense understory in moist or wet deciduous forest, bottomland |
Killdeer |
KILL | 4 / 20 |
7 / 1 | Open, sparcely vegetated areas; flat rooftops |
King Rail |
KIRA | 5 / 15 |
8 / 1 | Fresh/brackish reedy pond or marsh |
Laughing Gull |
LAGU | 5 / 1 |
8 / 1 | Coastal islands |
Lawrence's Warbler (Golden-winged x Blue-winged) |
LAWA | 5 / 20 |
8 / 1 | Old, brushy fields, copses, edge with low undergrowth, powerline cuts |
Leach's Storm-Petrel |
LESP | 6 / 1 |
8 / 15 | Coastal Islands |
Least Bittern |
LEBI | 5 / 25 |
8 / 1 | Fresh/brackish reedy pond or marsh |
Least Flycatcher |
LEFL | 5 / 25 |
8 / 5 | Open deciduous forests, forest edge |
Least Sandpiper |
LESA | 5 / 25 |
6 / 15 | Variety of coastal habitats |
Least Tern |
LETE | 5 / 25 |
8 / 15 | Coastal sandy beach, esp dredge spoils |
Lesser Black-backed Gull |
LBBG | 5 / 1 |
8 / 1 | Coastal shores/islands |
Lincoln's Sparrow |
LISP | 6 / 1 |
8 / 1 | High elevation boreal bog |
Little Blue Heron |
LBHE | 5 / 15 |
7 / 15 | Coastal Islands |
Loggerhead Shrike |
LOSH | 5 / 15 |
8 / 1 | Farmland and other open habitats |
Long-eared Owl |
LEOW | 4 / 1 |
8 / 1 | Conifers |
Louisiana Waterthrush |
LOWA | 5 / 10 |
7 / 20 | Rocky streams in deciduous or mixed forest |
Magnolia Warbler |
MAWA | 6 / 5 |
8 / 10 | Coniferous forest |
Mallard |
MALL | 5 / 1 |
8 / 5 | All wetlands, occasionally suburban yards with swimming pools |
Manx Shearwater |
MASH | 6 / 1 |
7 / 15 | In shore sightings only – no pelagic sightings please. |
Marsh Wren |
MAWR | 5 / 15 |
8 / 15 | Cattail and other tall marshes, including saltmarsh edges |
Merlin |
MERL | 5 / 10 |
7 / 20 | Conifers |
Monk Parakeet |
MOPA | 6 / 1 |
8 / 1 | Urban streets, large trees, telephone poles |
Mourning Dove |
MODO | 4 / 1 |
8 / 15 | Suburbs, woodlots, farmlands |
Mourning Warbler |
MOWA | 6 / 5 |
8 / 10 | High elevation; dense, early second growth, tangles, esp raspberry in clearcut |
Mute Swan |
MUSW | 4 / 15 |
8 / 1 | Large ponds and marshes |
Nashville Warbler |
NAWA | 5 / 25 |
8 / 15 | Open Scrub Oak woodlands (SE), overgrown pastures, bogs (C, W) |
Nelson's Sparrow |
NESP | 6 / 1 |
8 / 1 | Saltmarsh |
Northern Bobwhite |
NOBO | 4 / 30 |
8 / 15 | Open scrub, pastures, fields |
Northern Cardinal |
NOCA | 4 / 15 |
8 / 20 | Suburban or semi-rural areas; forest edge, woodlots, thickets, parks, gardens |
Northern Goshawk |
NOGO | 4 / 10 |
8 / 15 | Mature, mixed woodlands |
Northern Harrier |
NOHA | 5 / 10 |
8 / 20 | Coastal dunes, beaches, marshes, heathlands |
Northern Mockingbird |
NOMO | 5 / 5 |
8 / 15 | Suburban or semi-rural habitats with thickets, brushy forest edges, hedgerows |
Northern Parula |
NOPA | 6 / 1 |
8 / 10 | Woodlands with Usnea lichen |
Northern Pintail |
NOPI | 5 / 15 |
8 / 5 | Fresh/brackish pond or marsh |
Northern Rough-winged Swallow |
NRWS | 5 / 20 |
7 / 1 | Variety of habitats, often near water, in cavity, pipe, or excavated burrow. |
Northern Saw-whet Owl |
NSWO | 4 / 15 |
8 / 15 | Mixed moists woods with conifers |
Northern Shoveler |
NSHO | 5 / 15 |
8 / 5 | Fresh/brackish pond or marsh |
Northern Waterthrush |
NOWA | 5 / 20 |
7 / 25 | Wooded swamps, bogs, backwaters |
Olive-sided Flycatcher |
OSFL | 6 / 5 |
8 / 1 | Spruce/Larch bog |
Orchard Oriole |
OROR | 5 / 25 |
7 / 15 | Open, patchy forest, copses, often near river, stream, or pond |
Osprey |
OSPR | 5 / 10 |
8 / 15 | Coastal marshes; rarely large wetlands inland |
Ovenbird |
OVEN | 5 / 20 |
8 / 5 | Open forests with little or no understory vegetation and ample leaf litter |
Peregrine Falcon |
PEFA | 5 / 15 |
8 / 1 | Cliffs, tall buildings, towers |
Pied-billed Grebe |
PBGR | 5 / 10 |
8 / 1 | Fresh/brackish reedy pond or marsh |
Pileated Woodpecker |
PIWO | 1 / 1 |
12 / 31 | Matured forest, especially bottomland |
Pine Siskin |
PISI | 5 / 1 |
7 / 15 | Conifers |
Pine Warbler |
PIWA | 5 / 1 |
8 / 5 | Variety of pine forest types |
Piping Plover |
PIPL | 5 / 15 |
8 / 15 | Coastal, sandy beach |
Prairie Warbler |
PRAW | 5 / 25 |
8 / 1 | Brushy fields, powerline cuts, edges |
Prothonotary Warbler |
PROW | 6 / 1 |
8 / 1 | Variety of deciduous or mixed forest types, saplings in field edge bordered by forest |
Purple Finch |
PUFI | 5 / 25 |
8 / 10 | Conifers in mixed woods, suburbs, parklands |
Purple Martin |
PUMA | 5 / 25 |
7 / 1 | Open areas; edge of saltmarsh, coastal farmland, and golf courses |
Red Crossbill |
RECR | 5 / 1 |
7 / 15 | Coniferous forest |
Red-bellied Woodpecker |
RBWO | 4 / 15 |
8 / 1 | Older-growth forest and woodlots |
Red-breasted Merganser |
RBME | 6 / 1 |
8 / 5 | Coastal marsh |
Red-breasted Nuthatch |
RBNU | 5 / 15 |
8 / 10 | Coniferous forest |
Red-eyed Vireo |
REVI | 6 / 1 |
8 / 10 | Mixed and deciduous Woods |
Red-headed Woodpecker |
RHWO | 5 / 20 |
8 / 25 | Open country with scattered trees |
Red-shouldered Hawk |
RSHA | 4 / 10 |
8 / 15 | Wet mixed forests, swamps |
Red-tailed Hawk |
RTHA | 4 / 15 |
8 / 1 | Mature woodlands, often near edges |
Red-winged Blackbird |
RWBL | 5 / 1 |
7 / 15 | Wide variety of densely vegetated freshwater habitats, higher saltmarsh |
Ring-billed Gull |
RBGU | 5 / 1 |
8 / 1 | Lakes, reservoirs |
Ring-necked Duck |
RNDU | 5 / 25 |
8 / 5 | Wooded swamps, beaver ponds, stump ponds |
Ring-necked Pheasant |
RNEP | 5 / 1 |
8 / 15 | Open scrub, pastures, fields |
Rock Pigeon |
ROPI | 1 / 1 |
12 / 31 | Buildings, bridges, towers in urban areas, farms |
Rose-breasted Grosbeak |
RBGR | 5 / 25 |
8 / 5 | Deciduous and mixed forest, woodlots, shade trees of parks and suburbs |
Roseate Tern |
ROST | 6 / 1 |
8 / 5 | Coastal islands |
Ruby-crowned Kinglet |
RCKI | 5 / 20 |
8 / 1 | Coniferous woods |
Ruby-throated Hummingbird |
RTHU | 6 / 1 |
8 / 1 | Open woodland, rural and suburban gardens, edge |
Ruddy Duck |
RUDU | 5 / 15 |
8 / 1 | Fresh/brackish pond or marsh |
Ruffed Grouse |
RUGR | 1 / 1 |
12 / 31 | Mixed upland woods |
Rusty Blackbird |
RUBL | 5 / 25 |
7 / 25 | Boreal bog |
Saltmarsh Sparrow |
SALS | 5 / 25 |
8 / 10 | Saltmarsh |
Sandhill Crane |
SACR | 5 / 1 |
8 / 1 | Extensive, freshwater marsh or bog |
Savannah Sparrow |
SAVS | 5 / 10 |
8 / 1 | Grasslands, including airports, hayfields |
Scarlet Tanager |
SCTA | 5 / 25 |
8 / 10 | Mature deciduous forest |
Seaside Sparrow |
SESP | 5 / 25 |
8 / 10 | Saltmarsh |
Sedge Wren |
SEWR | 6 / 1 |
8 / 1 | Wet meadows, freshwater marshes |
Sharp-shinned Hawk |
SSHA | 5 / 10 |
8 / 1 | Conifers in mature woodlands |
Short-eared Owl |
SEOW | 5 / 1 |
8 / 1 | Extensive coastal grassland/heathland |
Snowy Egret |
SNEG | 5 / 15 |
7 / 15 | Coastal Islands |
Song Sparrow |
SOSP | 5 / 1 |
8 / 10 | Forest edge, brushy areas, marsh edges, suburbs |
Sora |
SORA | 5 / 15 |
7 / 25 | Fresh/brackish reedy pond or marsh |
Spotted Sandpiper |
SPSA | 5 / 25 |
7 / 5 | Coastal shores, shores of freshwater lakes, ponds, rivers, streams |
Summer Tanager |
SUTA | 6 / 1 |
6 / 30 | |
Swainson's Thrush |
SWTH | 6 / 1 |
8 / 10 | High elevation spruce/fir forest |
Swamp Sparrow |
SWSP | 5 / 1 |
8 / 5 | Freshwater wetlands including cattail marsh, swamps, river meadow, and pond edges |
Tennessee Warbler |
TEWA | 6 / 1 |
8 / 1 | Coniferous forest |
Tree Swallow |
TRES | 5 / 15 |
7 / 1 | Open areas or woodland edge near wetlands; including saltmarsh |
Tricolored Heron |
TRHE | 5 / 25 |
7 / 15 | Coastal Islands |
Tufted Titmouse |
TUTI | 4 / 5 |
8 / 1 | Deciduous (especially oak) forest, riparian woodlands, and residential areas |
Turkey Vulture |
TUVU | 5 / 10 |
8 / 15 | Woods, cliffs, caves, buildings |
unid. Mexican / Eastern Whip-poor-will |
WPWI | 5 / 25 |
7 / 15 | Secondary forest, copses, pine barrens,scrub oak, edge |
unid. Pacific Wren / Winter Wren |
UPWW | 5 / 1 |
8 / 5 | Cool, moist, coniferous or mixed woods, swamps, bogs, streams, brooks |
Upland Sandpiper |
UPSA | 5 / 20 |
7 / 15 | Extensive grasslands, especially airports |
Veery |
VEER | 5 / 25 |
8 / 10 | Moist mixed forest |
Vesper Sparrow |
VESP | 5 / 10 |
8 / 5 | Short grass areas, agricultural fields, clearings in pine barrens, coastal moors |
Virginia Rail |
VIRA | 5 / 15 |
8 / 1 | Salt, fresh, or brackish pond or marsh |
Warbling Vireo |
WAVI | 5 / 15 |
8 / 10 | Semi-open borders of river meadows, ponds, and streams |
White-breasted Nuthatch |
WBNU | 4 / 25 |
8 / 10 | Deciduous forest |
White-eyed Vireo |
WEVI | 5 / 15 |
8 / 1 | Moist areas, thickets, tangles of vines or briers. |
White-throated Sparrow |
WTSP | 5 / 20 |
8 / 20 | Scrubby habitats esp with conifers (C, W); Red Maple, Atlantic White Cedar (SE) |
White-winged Crossbill |
WWCR | 5 / 1 |
7 / 15 | Coniferous forest |
Wild Turkey |
WITU | 1 / 1 |
12 / 31 | Mature deciduous woods, edge |
Willet |
WILL | 5 / 15 |
7 / 15 | Coastal beach, dunes, saltmarsh |
Willow Flycatcher |
WIFL | 6 / 5 |
8 / 1 | Shrub (esp. Willow) swamp |
Wilson's Phalarope |
WIPH | 6 / 1 |
7 / 25 | Saltmarsh |
Wilson's Snipe |
WISN | 5 / 20 |
8 / 1 | Bog, wet meadow |
Wood Duck |
WODU | 5 / 1 |
8 / 5 | Wooded swamps, freshwater marshes, streams, rivers |
Wood Thrush |
WOTH | 5 / 25 |
8 / 10 | Mature forest |
Worm-eating Warbler |
WEWA | 5 / 20 |
8 / 1 | Brushy undergrowth of rocky, wooded hillsides and ravines, usually near water |
Yellow Warbler |
YEWA | 5 / 25 |
8 / 1 | Margins of freshwater marsh, other wet brushy areas, farmland |
Yellow-bellied Flycatcher |
YBFL | 6 / 5 |
8 / 1 | Spruce/Sphagnam bog |
Yellow-bellied Sapsucker |
YBSA | 5 / 20 |
8 / 1 | higher-elavation hardwoods |
Yellow-billed Cuckoo |
YBCU | 6 / 5 |
8 / 15 | Forested habitats, edge |
Yellow-breasted Chat |
YBCH | 6 / 1 |
8 / 5 | Thickets, esp regenerating fields and pastures |
Yellow-crowned Night-Heron |
YCNH | 5 / 5 |
7 / 15 | Coastal Islands |
Yellow-throated Vireo |
YTVI | 5 / 20 |
8 / 10 | Open deciduous and mixed forest and riparian woodlands |
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* Alpha Codes are also known as 'banding codes' (not AOU codes, which are numeric)
** Safe dates represent a window when a singing male is assumed not to be in migration, and
therefore on territory. Some atlases do not use safe dates, because they prefer
(given present knowledge) not to assume migration or territorial status of all individuals.
Safe dates generally apply to the Possible breeding category only when used.
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