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Species |
Alpha Code* |
Safe date start** |
Safe date end |
Habitat |
American Black Duck |
ABDU | / |
/ | High ground near water, often woods |
Acadian Flycatcher |
ACFL | 5 / 25 |
8 / 5 | Moist woods, bottomlands |
Alder Flycatcher |
ALFL | / |
/ | Wet thickets (alder, maple, and birch), wood margins, hedgerows, scrub |
American Avocet |
AMAV | / |
/ | Shallow fresh and saltwater wetlands |
American Bittern |
AMBI | / |
/ | Marshes |
American Coot |
AMCO | / |
/ | Marshes with open water |
American Crow |
AMCR | 5 / 1 |
8 / 31 | Open areas, edges, farms, parks |
American Goldfinch |
AMGO | 6 / 10 |
9 / 15 | Brushy fields, edges, hedgerows |
American Golden-Plover |
AMGP | / |
/ | Prairie, pastures, farmland, golf courses, airports |
American Kestrel |
AMKE | 5 / 20 |
7 / 31 | Open country, scattered trees, edge |
American Pipit |
AMPI | / |
/ | Muddy or recently plowed fields, lake shores, river sandbars, grasslands |
American Redstart |
AMRE | 6 / 10 |
7 / 20 | Moist, deciduous forest |
American Robin |
AMRO | 5 / 1 |
8 / 31 | Everywhere, except very urban areas |
American Wigeon |
AMWI | / |
/ | Marshes, reservoirs, rivers, ponds |
American Woodcock |
AMWO | 4 / 15 |
9 / 10 | Forest edges, shrubby areas |
American Tree Sparrow |
ATSP | / |
/ | Fields, marshes, gardens, open forests |
Barred Owl |
BADO | 1 / 15 |
8 / 31 | Bottomlands, swamps, moist woods |
Bald Eagle |
BAEA | 4 / 15 |
8 / 5 | Tall trees near lakes, marshes, rivers |
Barn Owl |
BANO | 5 / 1 |
9 / 30 | Abandoned and agricultural fields, open grassland, wood margins |
Bank Swallow |
BANS | 5 / 25 |
6 / 25 | Riverbanks, creeks, lakes, ponds |
Baltimore Oriole |
BAOR | 6 / 1 |
7 / 25 | Shade trees, open deciduous woods |
Barn Swallow |
BARS | 5 / 25 |
6 / 25 | Variety of habitats with open foraging areas, agricultural areas, urban areas |
Baird's Sandpiper |
BASA | / |
/ | Mudflats, grassy marshes, dry grassy areas near lakes and ponds |
Black-and-white Warbler |
BAWW | 5 / 15 |
7 / 25 | Extensive deciduous or mixed woods |
Black-billed Cuckoo |
BBCU | / |
/ | Deciduous forests, wood margins, hedgerows, scrub |
Black-bellied Plover |
BBPL | / |
/ | Flooded pastures, agricultural areas |
Buff-breasted Sandpiper |
BBSA | / |
/ | Dry grasslands (usually short grass), pastures, plowed fields |
Bay-breasted Warbler |
BBWA | / |
/ | Variety of forest types, generally remains in the canopy |
Black-capped Chickadee |
BCCH | / |
/ | Mixed deciduous-coniferous woodlands, wood margins, suburban areas, parks |
Black-crowned Night-Heron |
BCNH | / |
/ | Marshes, reservoirs, rivers, ponds |
Belted Kingfisher |
BEKI | 4 / 10 |
7 / 20 | Along streams, or lakes with banks |
Blue-gray Gnatcatcher |
BGGN | 5 / 15 |
7 / 31 | Variety of deciduous wooded habitats, especially near water |
Brown-headed Cowbird |
BHCO | 5 / 1 |
7 / 10 | Everywhere, except urban areas |
Brown-headed Nuthatch |
BHNU | / |
/ | Pine forests, especially open mature forests with periodic fires |
Blue-headed Vireo |
BHVI | / |
/ | Coniferous or mixed woodlands |
Bicknell's Thrush |
BITH | / |
/ | Mountainous forests and secondary woodlands |
Blackburnian Warbler |
BLBW | / |
/ | Coniferous or mixed woods |
Blue Grosbeak |
BLGR | 5 / 25 |
8 / 15 | Thickets, hedgerows, and edges |
Blue Jay |
BLJA | 6 / 10 |
8 / 15 | Variety of woodland habitats, suburbs |
Blackpoll Warbler |
BLPW | / |
/ | Variety of forest, woodland, scrub, and brushy habitats |
Black Rail |
BLRA | / |
/ | Marshes, wet meadows, floodplains |
Black Scoter |
BLSC | / |
/ | Reservoirs, rivers, ponds |
Black Tern |
BLTE | / |
/ | Reservoirs, rivers, lakes, ponds, marshes |
Black Vulture |
BLVU | 5 / 1 |
8 / 1 | Woods, cliffs, caves, buildings |
Bobolink |
BOBO | 6 / 15 |
7 / 10 | Fields, meadows, pastures |
Bonaparte's Gull |
BOGU | / |
/ | Lakes, rivers, marshes |
Brant |
BRAN | / |
/ | Marshes |
Brewer's Blackbird |
BRBL | / |
/ | Farmland, open fields, parks, urban areas |
Brown Creeper |
BRCR | / |
/ | Coniferous and mixed coniferous/deciduous forests |
Brown Thrasher |
BRTH | 5 / 15 |
8 / 31 | Dense thickets, shrubs, hedgerows |
Black-throated Blue Warbler |
BTBW | / |
/ | Mixed woods with heavy understory |
Black-throated Green Warbler |
BTNW | / |
/ | Coniferous or mixed woods |
Bufflehead |
BUFF | / |
/ | Reservoirs, rivers, ponds |
Broad-winged Hawk |
BWHA | 6 / 5 |
8 / 10 | Hilly woodlands |
Blue-winged Teal |
BWTE | / |
/ | High ground near water |
Blue-winged Warbler |
BWWA | 5 / 25 |
7 / 20 | Brushy fields, wood margins |
Cackling Goose |
CACG | / |
/ | Marshes, floodplains, islands in small ponds, agricultural areas |
Carolina Chickadee |
CACH | 3 / 1 |
8 / 31 | Mixed deciduous-coniferous woodlands, riparian and urban areas, gardens |
Cattle Egret |
CAEG | / |
/ | Ponds, farmland, roadsides, and parks |
Canada Goose |
CANG | 5 / 10 |
8 / 20 | Shore or islands in any water body |
Canvasback |
CANV | / |
/ | Reservoirs, rivers, ponds |
Carolina Wren |
CARW | 3 / 1 |
9 / 30 | Wood margins, scrub, gardens, orchards, farmland, bottomland forests |
Cave Swallow |
CASW | / |
/ | Variety of habitats with open foraging areas especially near water |
Caspian Tern |
CATE | / |
/ | Large rivers and lakes |
Canada Warbler |
CAWA | / |
/ | Thick, moist forest undergrowth |
Clay-colored Sparrow |
CCSP | / |
/ | Wood margins, hedgerows, scrub, abandoned fields |
Cedar Waxwing |
CEDW | 6 / 15 |
7 / 31 | Open woodland, shade trees, streams |
Cerulean Warbler |
CERW | 5 / 25 |
8 / 5 | Mature moist or riverside forests |
Chipping Sparrow |
CHSP | 5 / 1 |
8 / 31 | Open woodlands with grass, river and lake shorelines, orchards, farms, parks |
Chimney Swift |
CHSW | 5 / 20 |
8 / 15 | Primarily in towns |
Cliff Swallow |
CLSW | 6 / 5 |
6 / 25 | Variety of habitats with open foraging areas especially near water, uses cliffs or buildings for nesting |
Cape May Warbler |
CMWA | / |
/ | Coniferous forests |
Common Gallinule |
COGA | / |
/ | Marshes with open water |
Common Goldeneye |
COGO | / |
/ | Reservoirs, rivers, ponds |
Common Grackle |
COGR | 4 / 15 |
7 / 10 | Farmland, urban areas |
Cooper's Hawk |
COHA | 5 / 20 |
8 / 20 | Mixed woodlands, groves |
Common Loon |
COLO | / |
/ | Reservoirs, rivers, ponds, |
Common Merganser |
COME | / |
/ | Reservoirs, rivers, ponds |
Common Nighthawk |
CONI | 6 / 5 |
7 / 15 | Barren country and flat roofs |
Connecticut Warbler |
CONW | / |
/ | Variety of forest, woodland, scrub, and thicket habitats |
Common Raven |
CORA | 3 / 1 |
6 / 30 | Variety of woodland habitats, grasslands, farmland, urban areas, nests on cliffs |
Common Redpoll |
CORE | / |
/ | Open woodland, scrub, weedy fields, suburban areas |
Common Tern |
COTE | / |
/ | Marshes, lakes, islands |
Common Yellowthroat |
COYE | 5 / 25 |
8 / 10 | Brushy areas, preferably wet |
Chestnut-sided Warbler |
CSWA | / |
/ | Brushy, open second-growth, edges |
Double-crested Cormorant |
DCCO | / |
/ | Reservoirs, rivers, ponds |
Dickcissel |
DICK | 6 / 1 |
8 / 31 | Open country, especially alfalfa |
Downy Woodpecker |
DOWO | 3 / 15 |
8 / 31 | Variety of woodland habitats, wood margins |
Dunlin |
DUNL | / |
/ | Mudflats, marshes, flooded fields, shores of lakes and ponds |
Eastern Bluebird |
EABL | 5 / 15 |
8 / 31 | Abandoned and agricultural fields, wood margins, hedgerows, scrub |
Eared Grebe |
EAGR | / |
/ | Reservoirs, rivers, ponds |
Eastern Kingbird |
EAKI | 5 / 25 |
7 / 15 | Open areas, edges, often near water |
Eastern Meadowlark |
EAME | 5 / 1 |
9 / 10 | Hayfields, pastures |
Eastern Phoebe |
EAPH | 5 / 1 |
8 / 31 | Near water, bridges, buildings |
Eastern Screech-Owl |
EASO | 4 / 1 |
8 / 15 | Mixed woodlands, riparian woods along wetlands, meadows, suburban areas |
Eastern Towhee |
EATO | 5 / 20 |
8 / 31 | Dry open woodlands, edges, brush |
Eastern Wood-Pewee |
EAWP | 6 / 5 |
8 / 15 | All woodland habitats |
European Starling |
EUST | 4 / 1 |
9 / 5 | Everywhere |
Evening Grosbeak |
EVGR | / |
/ | Coniferous or deciduous forests, suburban areas |
Fish Crow |
FICR | 5 / 10 |
8 / 15 | Wood edges, farms, tidewater areas |
Field Sparrow |
FISP | 5 / 1 |
8 / 31 | Brushy, weedy fields, hedgerows |
Fox Sparrow |
FOSP | / |
/ | Thickets and edges of coniferous, mixed, or second-growth forests |
Forster's Tern |
FOTE | / |
/ | Marshes, lakes, rivers |
Franklin's Gull |
FRGU | / |
/ | Marshes, lakes |
Gadwall |
GADW | / |
/ | High ground near water |
Great Black-backed Gull |
GBBG | / |
/ | Landfills, salt marshes |
Great Blue Heron |
GBHE | 5 / 15 |
6 / 30 | Reservoirs, rivers, ponds, marshes, bottomland forests, floodplains |
Great Crested Flycatcher |
GCFL | 5 / 25 |
7 / 31 | Variety of woodland habitats |
Golden-crowned Kinglet |
GCKI | / |
/ | Mixed coniferous-deciduous forests, especially where spruce or fir are present |
Gray-cheeked Thrush |
GCTH | / |
/ | Deciduous and bottomland forests, wood margins, hedgerows, scrub |
Great Horned Owl |
GHOW | 12 / 15 |
8 / 31 | Open and secondary-growth woodlands, agricultural areas, suburban areas |
Glaucous Gull |
GLGU | / |
/ | Landfills, freshwater lakes, agricultural areas |
Glossy Ibis |
GLIB | / |
/ | Marshes, wetlands, mudflats, fields, ponds |
Golden Eagle |
GOEA | / |
/ | Open coniferous forests, abandoned fields |
Gray Catbird |
GRCA | 5 / 25 |
8 / 31 | Dense thickets, shrubs, hedgerows |
Great Egret |
GREG | / |
/ | Marshes, reservoirs, rivers, ponds |
Green Heron |
GRHE | 5 / 1 |
7 / 15 | Reservoirs, rivers, ponds, bottomland forests, floodplains, marshes |
Greater Scaup |
GRSC | / |
/ | Reservoirs, rivers, ponds |
Grasshopper Sparrow |
GRSP | 5 / 25 |
8 / 31 | Hayfields, grassy pastures |
Greater Yellowlegs |
GRYE | / |
/ | Reservoirs, rivers, ponds, marshes, muddy fields |
Greater White-fronted Goose |
GWFG | / |
/ | Reservoirs, rivers, ponds, muddy fields |
Green-winged Teal |
GWTE | / |
/ | High ground near water |
Golden-winged Warbler |
GWWA | / |
/ | Damp, brushy fields, wood margins |
Hairy Woodpecker |
HAWO | 3 / 15 |
8 / 31 | Deep woods, primarily deciduous |
Herring Gull |
HERG | / |
/ | Rivers, ponds, mudflats, landfills, parking lots, fields, airports |
Henslow's Sparrow |
HESP | 5 / 25 |
8 / 31 | Weedy fields, wet meadows |
Hermit Thrush |
HETH | / |
/ | Damp forests with hemlocks |
House Finch |
HOFI | 5 / 1 |
7 / 15 | Residential areas, especially evergreens |
Horned Grebe |
HOGR | / |
/ | Reservoirs, rivers, ponds |
Horned Lark |
HOLA | 4 / 10 |
9 / 5 | Open barren country, prefers bare ground to short grass |
Hooded Merganser |
HOME | / |
/ | Wooded swamps, fresh marshes, streams |
House Sparrow |
HOSP | 2 / 1 |
9 / 30 | Cities, farms, parks, suburbs |
Hooded Warbler |
HOWA | 5 / 25 |
7 / 25 | Moist forests with dense understory |
House Wren |
HOWR | 5 / 20 |
8 / 15 | Wood margins, hedgerows, scrub, gardens, orchards, farmland |
Indigo Bunting |
INBU | 6 / 1 |
8 / 15 | Edges, open forest, brush areas |
Kentucky Warbler |
KEWA | 5 / 25 |
7 / 15 | Moist deciduous woods, understory |
Killdeer |
KILL | 4 / 20 |
7 / 5 | Most open, sparsely vegetated areas |
King Rail |
KIRA | / |
/ | Fresh and brackish marshes |
Laughing Gull |
LAGU | / |
/ | Marshes, lakes, rivers, landfills |
Lapland Longspur |
LALO | / |
/ | Plowed fields, open grassland, pastures |
Lark Sparrow |
LASP | / |
/ | Grass with low shrubs and open ground |
Lesser Black-backed Gull |
LBBG | / |
/ | Rivers, lakes, landfills |
Long-billed Dowitcher |
LBDO | / |
/ | Mudflats, edges of ponds and marshes |
Little Blue Heron |
LBHE | / |
/ | Marshes, reservoirs, rivers, ponds |
Least Bittern |
LEBI | / |
/ | Freshwater or brackish marshes with tall vegetation |
Least Flycatcher |
LEFL | / |
/ | Wood edges, open deciduous woods |
Long-eared Owl |
LEOW | / |
/ | Dense vegetation adjacent to open grassland or shrubland, open forests |
Least Sandpiper |
LESA | / |
/ | Wet meadows, mudflats, flooded fields, shores of ponds and lakes |
Lesser Scaup |
LESC | / |
/ | Reservoirs, rivers, ponds |
Least Tern |
LETE | / |
/ | Reservoirs, rivers, ponds, lakes |
Lesser Yellowlegs |
LEYE | / |
/ | Reservoirs, rivers, ponds, marshes, muddy fields |
Little Gull |
LIGU | / |
/ | Large lakes, rivers, marshes |
Lincoln's Sparrow |
LISP | / |
/ | Wood margins, hedgerows, scrub, abandoned fields, bogs |
Loggerhead Shrike |
LOSH | 4 / 20 |
7 / 20 | Open country and grasslands with scattered trees and shrubs |
Louisiana Waterthrush |
LOWA | 5 / 1 |
7 / 10 | Rocky streams, sluggish backwaters |
Long-tailed Duck |
LTDU | / |
/ | Ponds, streams, wetlands, large lakes |
Mallard |
MALL | 5 / 15 |
8 / 10 | High ground near water, often woods |
Magnolia Warbler |
MAWA | / |
/ | Coniferous forests |
Marsh Wren |
MAWR | / |
/ | Variety of marshes with dense reeds |
Merlin |
MERL | / |
/ | Open coniferous woodland, grasslands, hedgerows, wood margins, scrub |
Mississippi Kite |
MIKI | / |
/ | Riparian and open woodland, old growth forests |
Mourning Dove |
MODO | 5 / 1 |
7 / 20 | Gardens, orchards, farmland, wood margins, hedgerows, scrub |
Mourning Warbler |
MOWA | / |
/ | Brushy areas in woodlands or edges |
Mute Swan |
MUSW | / |
/ | Shore or islands in any water body |
Nashville Warbler |
NAWA | / |
/ | Swamp and bog areas |
Northern Bobwhite |
NOBO | 4 / 15 |
9 / 30 | Hayfields, abandoned fields, wood margins, hedgerows, scrub |
Northern Cardinal |
NOCA | 3 / 15 |
9 / 30 | Edge, brush, parks, suburbs |
Northern Goshawk |
NOGO | / |
/ | Large mature mixed woodlands |
Northern Harrier |
NOHA | / |
/ | Marshes, wet pastures and meadows |
Northern Mockingbird |
NOMO | 4 / 1 |
9 / 10 | Open country, hedgerows, suburbs |
Northern Parula |
NOPA | 6 / 1 |
8 / 15 | Moist woods, bottomlands, spruces |
Northern Pintail |
NOPI | / |
/ | Marshes, reservoirs, rivers, ponds |
Northern Waterthrush |
NOWA | / |
/ | Swamps and bogs, pond edges |
Northern Rough-winged Swallow |
NRWS | 6 / 1 |
6 / 25 | Variety of open habitats, grassland, meadows, wood margins, rivers, ponds |
Northern Shoveler |
NSHO | / |
/ | Marshes, reservoirs, rivers, ponds |
Northern Shrike |
NSHR | / |
/ | Open county with medium or tall trees and shrubs, forest edges |
Northern Saw-whet Owl |
NSWO | / |
/ | Mixed moist woods, with conifers |
Orange-crowned Warbler |
OCWA | / |
/ | Thickets and shrubs along streams, forests, weedy fields |
Orchard Oriole |
OROR | 6 / 1 |
7 / 5 | Edges, hedgerows, scattered trees |
Olive-sided Flycatcher |
OSFL | / |
/ | Northern conifers |
Osprey |
OSPR | / |
/ | Reservoirs, rivers, ponds |
Ovenbird |
OVEN | 5 / 20 |
8 / 5 | Open mature mixed upland forest |
Palm Warbler |
PAWA | / |
/ | Variety of woodland, second growth and thicket habitats, open fields |
Pied-billed Grebe |
PBGR | 5 / 15 |
7 / 15 | Reservoirs, rivers, ponds, fresh marshes |
Peregrine Falcon |
PEFA | / |
/ | Variety of open habitats |
Pectoral Sandpiper |
PESA | / |
/ | Wet meadows, mudflats, flooded fields, shores of ponds and lakes |
Philadelphia Vireo |
PHVI | / |
/ | Early and mid-successional deciduous woods and parklands |
Pine Siskin |
PISI | / |
/ | Conifers, gardens, orchards, farmland |
Pine Warbler |
PIWA | 4 / 20 |
8 / 10 | Variety of pine forests |
Pileated Woodpecker |
PIWO | 3 / 15 |
8 / 31 | Deep woods, some secondary growth |
Prairie Warbler |
PRAW | 5 / 25 |
7 / 20 | Brushy fields, edges, small pines |
Prothonotary Warbler |
PROW | 5 / 10 |
7 / 20 | Swamps, bottomlands |
Purple Finch |
PUFI | / |
/ | Mixed woods, parklands, residential areas |
Purple Martin |
PUMA | 6 / 1 |
6 / 25 | Gardens, orchards, farmland, nest houses near water and large open areas |
Rose-breasted Grosbeak |
RBGR | 6 / 5 |
8 / 15 | Edges of moist deciduous woods |
Ring-billed Gull |
RBGU | / |
/ | Rivers, ponds, landfills, golf courses, agricultural fields, shopping areas |
Red-breasted Merganser |
RBME | / |
/ | Reservoirs, rivers, ponds |
Red-breasted Nuthatch |
RBNU | 6 / 1 |
8 / 5 | Mature coniferous forests, suburban area with sufficient conifers |
Red-bellied Woodpecker |
RBWO | 3 / 15 |
8 / 31 | Variety of woodland habitats |
Ruby-crowned Kinglet |
RCKI | / |
/ | Mixed coniferous-deciduous forests, wood margins, scrub, abandoned fields |
Red Crossbill |
RECR | / |
/ | Mature coniferous forests |
Redhead |
REDH | / |
/ | Reservoirs, rivers, ponds |
Red Phalarope |
REPH | / |
/ | Reservoirs, rivers, ponds |
Red-eyed Vireo |
REVI | 6 / 1 |
7 / 31 | Deciduous and mixed deciduous forests, urban areas, parks with large trees |
Red-headed Woodpecker |
RHWO | 5 / 25 |
8 / 20 | Open country with scattered trees |
Rough-legged Hawk |
RLHA | / |
/ | Open coniferous forest, grasslands, abandoned fields |
Ring-necked Duck |
RNDU | / |
/ | Reservoirs, rivers, ponds, fresh marshes |
Ring-necked Pheasant |
RNEP | 4 / 15 |
9 / 30 | Open country, pastures, fields |
Red-necked Grebe |
RNGR | / |
/ | Reservoirs, rivers, ponds |
Rock Pigeon |
ROPI | / |
/ | Urban areas, gardens, orchards, farmland, muddy fields |
Red-shouldered Hawk |
RSHA | 5 / 1 |
8 / 31 | Wet mixed forests, swamps |
Red-tailed Hawk |
RTHA | 5 / 1 |
8 / 31 | Mature forests, often near edges |
Ruby-throated Hummingbird |
RTHU | 5 / 25 |
7 / 31 | Mixed woodlands, deciduous forest, gardens, orchards |
Red-throated Loon |
RTLO | / |
/ | Wetlands, bogs, ponds in forests, large lakes |
Rusty Blackbird |
RUBL | / |
/ | Swamps, wet woodlands, pond edges |
Ruddy Duck |
RUDU | / |
/ | Dense marshes with open water |
Ruffed Grouse |
RUGR | 4 / 1 |
7 / 31 | Mixed upland woods |
Rufous Hummingbird |
RUHU | / |
/ | Forested and brushy habitats, gardens |
Red-winged Blackbird |
RWBL | 5 / 1 |
7 / 10 | Marshes, ponds, meadows, hayfields |
Sandhill Crane |
SACR | / |
/ | Cow or horse pastures, muddy fields |
Savannah Sparrow |
SAVS | 6 / 1 |
8 / 15 | Hayfields, wet meadows, pastures |
Short-billed Dowitcher |
SBDO | / |
/ | Mudflats, flooded agricultural fields |
Scarlet Tanager |
SCTA | 5 / 25 |
8 / 10 | Mature deciduous forests |
Short-eared Owl |
SEOW | / |
/ | Open pastureland, marshes, meadows |
Semipalmated Plover |
SEPL | / |
/ | Reservoirs, rivers, ponds |
Semipalmated Sandpiper |
SESA | / |
/ | Shores of lakes and ponds, mudflats, wet meadows |
Sedge Wren |
SEWR | 6 / 10 |
9 / 20 | Wet meadows, hayfields, marshes |
Snow Bunting |
SNBU | / |
/ | Open weedy and grassy fields, along shores of lakes |
Snowy Egret |
SNEG | / |
/ | Marshes, reservoirs, rivers, ponds |
Snow Goose |
SNGO | / |
/ | Muddy fields (plowed, harvested), fresh marshes |
Snowy Owl |
SNOW | / |
/ | Abandoned fields, agricultural areas, airports |
Sora |
SORA | / |
/ | Fresh marshes, wet meadows |
Solitary Sandpiper |
SOSA | / |
/ | Reservoirs, rivers, ponds, marshes, muddy fields |
Song Sparrow |
SOSP | 5 / 1 |
9 / 10 | Brushy fields, marsh edges, suburban areas |
Spotted Sandpiper |
SPSA | / |
/ | Reservoirs, rivers, ponds, rocky streams |
Sharp-shinned Hawk |
SSHA | 6 / 1 |
8 / 10 | Conifers in extensive woodlands |
Scissor-tailed Flycatcher |
STFL | / |
/ | Open grasslands with occasional trees and shrubs, towns and agricultural areas |
Swallow-tailed Kite |
STKI | / |
/ | Forested regions, bottomland, riverine forest, pine woodland |
Stilt Sandpiper |
STSA | / |
/ | Mudflats, marshes, flooded fields, shores of lakes and ponds |
Surf Scoter |
SUSC | / |
/ | Reservoirs, rivers, ponds |
Summer Tanager |
SUTA | / |
/ | Mixed dry upland woods |
Swamp Sparrow |
SWSP | / |
/ | Marshes, wet brushy areas, bogs |
Swainson's Thrush |
SWTH | / |
/ | Northern conifers, especially spruce |
Swainson's Warbler |
SWWA | / |
/ | Forests with thick undergrowth |
Tennessee Warbler |
TEWA | / |
/ | Coniferous or mixed woodland, especially spruce |
Tree Swallow |
TRES | 5 / 25 |
6 / 25 | Open areas near water and fields |
Tricolored Heron |
TRHE | / |
/ | Marshes, wetlands |
Trumpeter Swan |
TRUS | / |
/ | Freshwater marshes, ponds, springs, rivers, and reservoirs |
Tundra Swan |
TUSW | / |
/ | Muddy fields, reservoirs, rivers, ponds |
Tufted Titmouse |
TUTI | 3 / 1 |
8 / 31 | Deciduous forests, parks, orchards, gardens, and suburban areas |
Turkey Vulture |
TUVU | 4 / 10 |
8 / 1 | Woods, cliffs, caves, buildings |
(unid. race) Dark-eyed Junco |
UDEJ | / |
/ | Edges of northern mixed forests |
(unid. Red/Yellow Shafted) Northern Flicker |
UNFL | 5 / 10 |
8 / 25 | Open woods, scattered trees, edges |
Upland Sandpiper |
UPSA | 5 / 20 |
6 / 25 | Open grasslands and meadows |
unid. Pacific Wren / Winter Wren |
UPWW | / |
/ | Coniferous and deciduous forests, bottomland forests |
unid. Rufous Hummingbird / Allen's Hummingbird |
URAH | / |
/ | Forested and brushy habitats, gardens |
(unid. Myrtle/Audubon's) Yellow-rumped Warbler |
UYRW | / |
/ | Coniferous and mixed coniferous/deciduous woodlands, wood margins |
Veery |
VEER | / |
/ | Deciduous forests, riparian habitats, shrubby habitats with small trees |
Vesper Sparrow |
VESP | 5 / 1 |
8 / 31 | Short grass areas, cultivated fields |
Virginia Rail |
VIRA | 5 / 20 |
8 / 15 | Fresh and brackish marshes |
Warbling Vireo |
WAVI | 6 / 10 |
8 / 10 | Open deciduous or riverside woods |
White-breasted Nuthatch |
WBNU | 5 / 10 |
8 / 15 | Mature deciduous forests near openings and edges, parks, suburban areas |
White-crowned Sparrow |
WCSP | / |
/ | Wood margins, hedgerows, scrub, abandoned fields |
Western Kingbird |
WEKI | / |
/ | Grassland, pasture, urban areas |
Western Sandpiper |
WESA | / |
/ | Shores of lakes and ponds, mudflats, wet meadows |
White-eyed Vireo |
WEVI | 5 / 25 |
8 / 15 | Brushy areas, often near water |
Worm-eating Warbler |
WEWA | 5 / 20 |
7 / 20 | Deep deciduous woods |
White Ibis |
WHIB | / |
/ | Marshes, reservoirs, rivers, ponds, wetlands |
Whimbrel |
WHIM | / |
/ | Marshes, mudflats |
Willow Flycatcher |
WIFL | 6 / 10 |
7 / 20 | Wet to fairly dry brushy areas |
Willet |
WILL | / |
/ | Marshes, mudflats |
Wilson's Phalarope |
WIPH | / |
/ | Grassy borders of shallow lakes, marshes, and reservoirs |
Wilson's Snipe |
WISN | / |
/ | Marshy edges of ponds, rivers, and brooks, wet meadows, fields |
Wild Turkey |
WITU | 4 / 15 |
9 / 30 | Mature deciduous forests, edges |
Wilson's Warbler |
WIWA | / |
/ | Fairly open woodlands with undergrowth or shrubs |
Wood Duck |
WODU | 5 / 1 |
8 / 15 | Wooded swamps, fresh marshes, streams |
Wood Thrush |
WOTH | 5 / 25 |
8 / 20 | Variety of woodland habitats |
unid. Mexican / Eastern Whip-poor-will |
WPWI | 5 / 10 |
7 / 15 | Dry open upland woods |
White-rumped Sandpiper |
WRSA | / |
/ | Mudflats, grassy marshes, dry grassy areas near lakes and ponds |
White-throated Sparrow |
WTSP | / |
/ | Wood margins, hedgerows, scrub, swamps, weedy fields, urban areas |
White-winged Crossbill |
WWCR | / |
/ | Coniferous forests, especially where spruce cones are found |
White-winged Scoter |
WWSC | / |
/ | Reservoirs, rivers, ponds |
Yellow-breasted Chat |
YBCH | 5 / 25 |
8 / 5 | Brushy fields, thickets, wood edges |
Yellow-billed Cuckoo |
YBCU | 6 / 15 |
7 / 31 | Deciduous forests, floodplains, wood margins, hedgerows, scrub |
Yellow-bellied Flycatcher |
YBFL | / |
/ | Variety of forests and semi-open habitat |
Yellow-bellied Sapsucker |
YBSA | / |
/ | Mixed woods, swamps, bogs |
Yellow-crowned Night-Heron |
YCNH | / |
/ | Wooded habitats, usually near water |
Yellow Warbler |
YEWA | 6 / 1 |
7 / 10 | Wet brushy areas, farmlands |
Yellow-headed Blackbird |
YHBL | / |
/ | Muddy fields, cow or horse pastures |
Yellow-throated Vireo |
YTVI | 5 / 25 |
8 / 15 | Tall deciduous trees |
Yellow-throated Warbler |
YTWA | 5 / 1 |
7 / 15 | Loblolly pines, sycamores |
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* Alpha Codes are also known as 'banding codes' (not AOU codes, which are numeric)
** Safe dates represent a window when a singing male is assumed not to be in migration, and
therefore on territory. Some atlases do not use safe dates, because they prefer
(given present knowledge) not to assume migration or territorial status of all individuals.
Safe dates generally apply to the Possible breeding category only when used.
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