Apex Sites

Apex Sites are specific National Parks or National Wildlife Refuges where intensive amphibian research and monitoring is being conducted. Research is aimed at answering questions about amphibian declines, diseases, and malformations or gathering more detailed information about the dynamics of particular amphibian populations.

Acadia National Park, Maine

Amphibian and Reptile Species List
Stream Salamanders
Four-toed Salamanders
Mercury Levels in Salamanders

Shenandoah National Park, Virginia

Amphibian and Reptile Species List
Mercury Levels in Salamanders
Terrestrial Salamanders
We are monitoring populations of terrestrial salamanders (Plethodon cinereus, Plethodon cylindraceus) at 24 15 m2 plots throughout the Park. Initially we used capture-recapture methods at these plots, marking salamanders with visible implant fluorescent elastomer to determine detection probabilities. Our goal in this long-term monitoring project is to detect fluctuations in population size, sex ratio, survival, and recruitment.
Stream Salamanders
We have been monitoring populations of stream salamanders (Desmognathus, Eurycea, Gyrinophilus, and Pseudotriton species) at 9 streams in the Park since 1998. In 1999, we conducted a stratified random survey of 49 streams in the Park.
Vernal Pool Amphibians
We are monitoring wood frog and spotted salamander populations at all of the known vernal pools (four currently) in the Park.

Rock Creek Park, District of Columbia

Amphibian and Reptile Species List
Vernal Pool Amphibians
Stream Salamanders

USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center & USDA Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Maryland

Amphibian and Reptile Species List
Vernal Pool Amphibians
Laura’s Pond
Stream Salamanders