USGS
 Patuxent Wildlife
 Research Center
Managers' Monitoring Manual
    home       START HERE       worksheets       counting techniques       CV tools       site guide
Amphibian Time Series References

*Note: Not all of the following references are incorporated into the Amphibian Count Database. E.g., the counts published in Pechmann et al. (1991) are a subset of the counts reported in Semlitsch et al. (1996).

1. Beebee, T. J. C., J. S. Denton, and J. Buckley. 1996. Factors affecting populations densities of adult natterjack toads Bufo calamita in Britain. Journal of Applied Ecology 33: 263-268.
2. Bertram, S., and M. Berrill. 1997. Fluctuations in a northern population of gray treefrogs, Hyla versicolor. Pp. 57-63 in D. M. Green (Ed.), Amphibians in Decline: Canadian Studies of a Global Problem. SSAR, St. Louis, MO.
3. Bertram, S., M. Berrill, and E. Nol. 1996. Male mating success and variation in chorus attendance within and among breeding seasons in the Gray Treefrog (Hyla versicolor). Copeia 1996: 729-734.
4. Berven, K. A. 1990. Factors affecting population fluctuations in larval and adult stages of the wood frog (Rana sylvatica). Ecology 71: 1599-1608.
5. Berven, K. A., and T. A. Grudzien. 1990. Dispersal in the wood frog (Rana sylvatica): implications for genetic population structure. Evolution 44: 2047-2056.
6. Blair, W. F. 1957. Changes in vertebrate populations under conditions of drought. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. on Quant. Biol. 22: 273-275.
7. Bruce, R. C. 1995. The use of temporary removal sampling in a study of population dynamics of the salamander Desmognathus monticola. Australian J. of Ecol. 20: 403-412.
8. Clay, D. 1997. The effects of temperature and acidity on spawning of the spotted salamander, Ambystoma maculatum, in Fundy National Park. Pp. 226-232 in D. M. Green (Ed.), Amphibians in Decline: Canadian Studies of a Global Problem. SSAR, St. Louis, MO.
9. Corn, P. S., and J. C. Fogleman. 1984. Extinction of montane populations of the northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens) in Colorado. J. Herpetol. 18(2): 147-152.
10. Corn, P. S., W. Stolzenburg, and R. B. Bury. 1989. Acid precipitation studies in Colorado and Wyoming: Interim report of surveys of montane amphibians and water chemistry. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Biol. Rep. 80(40.26): 1-56.
11. Crump, M. L., F. R. Hensley, and K. L. Clark. 1992. Apparent decline of the golden toad: underground or extinct?. Copeia 1992(2): 413-420.
12. Dodd, C. K. 1991. Drift fence-associated sampling bias of amphibians at a Florida sandhills temporary pond. J. Herpetol. 25: 296-301.
13. Dodd, C. K. 1992. Biological diversity of a temporary pond herpetofauna in north Florida sandhills. Biodiversity and Conservation 1: 125-142.
14. Elmberg, J. 1990. Long-term survival, length of breeding season, and operational sex ratio in a boreal population of common frogs, Rana temporaria L.. Canadian J. Zool. 68(1): 121-127.
15. Gill, D. E. 1978. The metapopulation ecology of the red-spotted newt, Notophthalmus viridescens (Rafinesque). Ecol. Monogr. 48: 145-166.
16. Gittins, S. P. 1983. Population dynamics of the common toad (Bufo bufo) at a lake in mid-Wales. Journal of Animal Ecology 52: 981-988.
17. Green, D. M. 1992. Fowler's Toads (Bufo woodhousei fowleri) at Long Point, Ontario: changing abundance and implications for conservation. Canadian Wildlife Service Occasional Paper 76: 37-43.
18. Green, D. M. 1997. Temporal variation in abundance and age structure in Fowler's toads, Bufo fowleri, at Long Point, Ontario. Pp. 45-56 in D. M. Green (Ed.), Amphibians in Decline: Canadian Studies of a Global Problem. SSAR, St. Louis, MO.
19. Hairston, N. G. 1983. Growth, survival and reproduction of Plethodon jordani: trade-offs between selective pressures. Copeia 1983: 1024-1035.
20. Hairston, N. G., and R. H. Wiley. 1993. No decline in salamander (Amphibia: Caudata) populations: a twenty-year study in the southern Appalachians. Brimleyana 18: 59-64.
21. Halley, J. M., R. S. Oldham, J. W. Arntzen. 1996. Predicting the persistence of amphibian populations with the help of a spatial model. J. Appl. Ecol. 33: 455-470.
22. Harte, J., and E. Hoffman. 1989. Possible effects of acidic deposition on a Rocky Mountain population of the tiger salamander Ambystoma tigrinum. Conservation Biology 3: 149-158.
23. Hecnar, S. J., and R. T. M'Closkey. 1997. Changes in the composition of a ranid community following bullfrog extinction. Am. Midl. Nat. 137(1): 145-150.
24. Heyer, W. R.. 1979. Annual variation in larval amphibian populations within a temperate pond. J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 69(2): 65-74.
25. Husting, E. L. 1965. Survival and breeding structure in a population of Ambystoma maculatum. Copeia 1965: 352-359.
26. Jaeger, R. G. 1980. Density-dependent and density-independent causes of extinction of a salamander population. Evolution 34: 617-621.
27. Kagarise Sherman, C., and M. L. Morton. 1993. Population declines of Yosemite Toads in the eastern Sierra Nevada of California. J. Herpetol. 27: 186-198.
28. Laurance, W. F., K. R. McDonald, and R. Speare. 1996. Epidemic disease and the catastrophic decline of Australian rain forest frogs. Conservation Biology 10(2): 406-413.
29. Lips, K. R. 1998. Decline of a tropical montane amphibian fauna. Cons. Biol. 12(1): 106-117.
30. Meyer, A. H., B. R. Schmidt, and K. Grossenbacher. 1998. Analysis of three amphibian populations with quarter-century long time-series. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 265: 523-528.
31. Mierzwa, K.S. 1998. Status of northeastern Illinois amphibians. Pp. 115-124 in M.J. Lannoo (Ed.), Status and conservation of Midwestern amphibians. University of Iowa Press, Iowa City, IA.
32. Mossman, M.J., J.R. Sauer, L.M. Hartman, and R. Hay. 1998. The Wisconsin Frog and Toad Survey Home Page. http://www.mbr-pwrc.usgs.gov/wifrog/frog.htm, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (Madison) and U.S. Geological Survey (Laurel MD).
33. Olson, D. H. 1989. Predation on breeding western toads (Bufo boreas). Copeia 1989: 391-397.
34. Pechmann, J.H.K., D. E. Scott, R. D. Semlitsch, J. P. Caldwell, L. J. Vitt, and J. W. Gibbons. 1991. Declining amphibian populations: the problem of separating human impacts from natural fluctuations. Science 253: 892-895.
35. Petranka, J. W., and C. K. Smith. Unpublished data of egg mass counts of spotted salamanders and wood frogs in the Southern Appalachians.
36. Powell, G. L., A. P. Russell, J. D. James, S. J. Nelson, and S. M. Watson. 1997. Population biology of the long-toed salamander, Ambystoma macrodactylum, in the front range of Alberta. Pp. 37-44 in D. M. Green (Ed.), Amphibians in Decline: Canadian Studies of a Global Problem. SSAR, St. Louis, MO.
37. Ramotnik, C. A. 1997. Conservation assessment of the Sacramento Mountain salamander. Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-GTR-293. Fort Collins, CO: USDAFS, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 19 p.
38. Raymond, L. R. 1991. Seasonal activity of Siren intermedia in northwestern Louisiana (Amphibia: Sirenidae). Southwestern Nat. 36(1): 144-147.
39. Raymond, L. R., and L. M. Hardy. 1990. Demography of a population of Ambystoma talpoideum (Caudata: Ambystomatidae) in northwestern Louisiana. Herpetologica 46(4): 371-382.
40. Raymond, L. R., and L. M. Hardy. 1991. Effects of a clearcut on a populations of the mole salamander, Ambystoma talpoideum, in an adjacent unaltered forest. J. Herpetol. 25(4): 509-512.
41. Reading, C. J., J. Loman, and T. Madsen. 1991. Breeding pond fidelity in the common toad, Bufo bufo. J. Zool., Lond. 225: 201-211.
42. Schlupp, I., and R. Podloucky. 1994. Changes in breeding site fidelity: a combined study of conservation and behaviour in the common toad Bufo bufo. Biological Conservation 69: 285-291.
43. Semlitsch, R. D., D. E. Scott, J. H. K. Pechmann, and J. W. Gibbons. 1996. Structure and dynamics of an amphibian community. Pp. 217-250 in M. L. Cody and J. A. Smallwood (Eds.), Long-term studies of vertebrate communities. Academic Press, San Diego.
44. Shirose, L. J., and R. J. Brooks. 1997. Fluctuations in abundance and age structure in three species of frogs (Anura: Ranidae) in Algonquin Park, Canada, from 1985 to 1993. Pp. 16-26 in D. M. Green (Ed.), Amphibians in Decline: Canadian Studies of a Global Problem. SSAR, St. Louis, MO.
45. Shoop, C. R. 1974. Yearly variation in larval survival of Ambystoma maculatum. Ecology 55(2): 440-444.
46. Sinsch, U. 1996. Population dynamics of natterjack toads (Bufo calamita) in the Rhineland: a nine-years study. Verlandlungen der Deutschen Zoologischen Gesellschaft 89.1: 127.
47. Sredl, M. J., E. P. Collins, and J. M. Howland. 1997. Mark-recapture of Arizona leopard frogs. Pp. 1-20 in M. J. Sredl (Ed.). Ranid frog conservation and management. Nongame and Endangered Wildl. Prog. Tech. Rept 121. Arizona Game and Fish Dept., Phoenix, AZ.
48. Stebbins, R. C. 1954. Natural history of the salamanders of the plethodontid genus Ensatina. U. Calif. Publ. Zool. 54: 47-124.
49. Stebbins, R. C.. 1954. Natural history of the salamanders of the Plethodontid genus Ensatina. Univ. of Calif. Publ. in Zool. 54: 47-124.
50. Stromberg, G. 1995. The yearly cycle of the Jumping Frog (Rana dalmatina) in Sweden. A 12 year study. Scientia Herpetologica 1995: 185-186.
51. Stumpel, A. H. P. 1987. Distribution and present numbers of the Tree Frog Hyla arborea in Zealand Flanders, The Netherlands (Amphibia, Hylidae). Bijdragen tot de Kierkunde 57(2): 151-163.
52. Taub, F. B. 1961. The distribution of the red-backed salamander, Plethodon c. cinereus, within the soil. Ecology 42(4): 681-698.
53. Waringer-Loschenkohl, A. 1991. Breeding ecology of Rana dalmatina in Lower Austria: a 7-years study. Alytes 9(4): 121-134.
54. Weitzel, N. H., and H. R. Panik. 1993. Long-term fluctuations of an isolated population of the Pacific Chorus Frog (Pseudacris regilla) in northwestern Nevada. Great Basin Naturalist 53: 379-384.
55. Welsh, H. H., Jr., and A. J. Lind. 1991. Population ecology of two relictual salamanders from the Klamath Mountains of northwestern California. Pp. 419-437 in D. R. McCullough and R. H. Barrett (Eds.). Wildlife 2001: Populations. Elsevier Applied Science, New York.
56. Woolbright, L. L. 1991. The impact of hurricane Hugo on forest frogs in Puerto Rico. Biotropica 23(4a): 462-467.

We would like to thank Jeff Houlahan for tipping us off to a number of more obscure studies.