Maryland & DC 2002-2006 (published!)
Species Info
| Species Information | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
currently sorted by: safe date end |
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| sort: taxonomic | alpha | sort by | sort by | sort by | |
| Species | Alpha Code* | Safe date start** | Safe date end | Habitat |
| Trumpeter Swan | TRUS | / | / | |
| Northern Pintail | NOPI | / | / | |
| Canvasback | CANV | / | / | |
| Redhead | REDH | / | / | |
| Surf Scoter | SUSC | / | / | |
| Bufflehead | BUFF | / | / | |
| Red-breasted Merganser | RBME | / | / | |
| Common Loon | COLO | / | / | |
| Horned Grebe | HOGR | / | / | |
| White Ibis | WHIB | / | / | |
| Swallow-tailed Kite | STKI | / | / | |
| Ring-billed Gull | RBGU | / | / | |
| Caspian Tern | CATE | / | / | |
| Western Kingbird | WEKI | / | / | |
| Red Crossbill | RECR | / | / | |
| Great Egret | GREG | 5 / 20 | 6 / 20 | Shrubs, trees near tidal water |
| Little Blue Heron | LBHE | 5 / 20 | 6 / 20 | Shrubs, trees near tidal water |
| Cattle Egret | CAEG | 5 / 20 | 6 / 20 | Shrubs, trees near tidal water |
| Northern Rough-winged Swallow | NRWS | 5 / 25 | 6 / 20 | Near water with steep banks |
| Bank Swallow | BANS | 6 / 1 | 6 / 20 | Near water with steep banks, colonial |
| Killdeer | KILL | 4 / 20 | 6 / 25 | Most open, sparsely vegetated areas |
| Upland Sandpiper | UPSA | 5 / 20 | 6 / 25 | Open grasslands and meadows |
| Forster's Tern | FOTE | 5 / 15 | 6 / 25 | Salt marshes |
| Purple Martin | PUMA | 6 / 1 | 6 / 25 | Open country, colonial |
| Tree Swallow | TRES | 5 / 25 | 6 / 25 | Open country near water |
| Cliff Swallow | CLSW | 6 / 1 | 6 / 25 | Open country near buildings, bridges |
| Barn Swallow | BARS | 5 / 25 | 6 / 25 | Open country near buildings, bridges |
| Northern Shoveler | NSHO | 6 / 1 | 6 / 30 | |
| Green-winged Teal | AGWT | 6 / 1 | 6 / 30 | High ground near water |
| Double-crested Cormorant | DCCO | 6 / 10 | 6 / 30 | |
| Great Blue Heron | GBHE | 5 / 15 | 6 / 30 | Wooded swamps, beaver ponds, islands |
| Snowy Egret | SNEG | 5 / 20 | 6 / 30 | Shrubs, trees near tidal water |
| Tricolored Heron | TRHE | 5 / 20 | 6 / 30 | Shrubs, trees near tidal water |
| Black-crowned Night-Heron | BCNH | 5 / 10 | 6 / 30 | Shrubs, trees near tidal water |
| Yellow-crowned Night-Heron | YCNH | 4 / 20 | 6 / 30 | Wooded habitats, usually near water |
| Glossy Ibis | GLIB | 5 / 20 | 6 / 30 | Shrubs, trees near tidal water |
| Spotted Sandpiper | SPSA | 6 / 10 | 6 / 30 | Beaches or rocky streams |
| Common Tern | COTE | 6 / 5 | 6 / 30 | Beaches, coastal islands, spoil areas |
| Bobolink | BOBO | 6 / 15 | 6 / 30 | Fields, meadows, pastures |
| Common Grackle | COGR | 4 / 15 | 6 / 30 | Suburbs, farmland |
| Willet | WILL | 6 / 10 | 7 / 1 | Salt marshes |
| Blue-winged Teal | BWTE | 6 / 5 | 7 / 5 | High ground near water |
| Gull-billed Tern | GBTE | 5 / 15 | 7 / 5 | Beaches, coastal islands |
| Royal Tern | ROYT | 5 / 25 | 7 / 5 | Beaches, coastal islands, spoil areas |
| Sandwich Tern | SATE | 5 / 25 | 7 / 5 | Beaches, coastal islands, spoil areas |
| Roseate Tern | ROST | 5 / 25 | 7 / 5 | Beaches, coastal islands, spoil areas |
| Least Tern | LETE | 5 / 25 | 7 / 5 | Beaches, coastal islands, spoil areas |
| Black Skimmer | BLSK | 5 / 25 | 7 / 5 | Beaches, coastal islands |
| Eastern Kingbird | EAKI | 5 / 25 | 7 / 5 | Open areas, edges, often near water |
| Orchard Oriole | OROR | 6 / 1 | 7 / 5 | Edges, hedgerows, scattered trees |
| Pied-billed Grebe | PBGR | 5 / 20 | 7 / 10 | Marshy or weedy ponds |
| Laughing Gull | LAGU | 6 / 5 | 7 / 10 | Salt marshes |
| Herring Gull | HERG | 6 / 5 | 7 / 10 | Beaches, coastal islands, spoil areas |
| Great Black-backed Gull | GBBG | 6 / 5 | 7 / 10 | Beaches, coastal islands, spoil areas |
| Yellow Warbler | YWAR | 6 / 1 | 7 / 10 | Wet brushy areas, farmlands |
| Louisiana Waterthrush | LOWA | 5 / 1 | 7 / 10 | Rocky streams, sluggish backwaters |
| Red-winged Blackbird | RWBL | 5 / 1 | 7 / 10 | Marshes, ponds, meadows, hayfields |
| Brown-headed Cowbird | BHCO | 5 / 1 | 7 / 10 | Everywhere, except urban areas |
| Green Heron | GRHE | 5 / 1 | 7 / 15 | Woods near marshes or open water |
| American Kestrel | AMKE | 5 / 15 | 7 / 15 | Open country, scattered trees, edge |
| Black-necked Stilt | BNST | 5 / 15 | 7 / 15 | |
| Wilson's Snipe | WISN | 6 / 1 | 7 / 15 | |
| Common Nighthawk | CONI | 6 / 5 | 7 / 15 | Barren country and flat roofs |
| Whip-poor-will | WPWI | 5 / 10 | 7 / 15 | Dry open upland woods |
| Yellow-throated Warbler | YTWA | 5 / 1 | 7 / 15 | Loblolly pines, sycamores |
| Northern Waterthrush | NOWA | 6 / 5 | 7 / 15 | Swamps and bogs, pond edges |
| Kentucky Warbler | KEWA | 5 / 25 | 7 / 15 | Moist deciduous woods, understory |
| Canada Warbler | CAWA | 6 / 10 | 7 / 15 | Thick, moist forest undergrowth |
| House Finch | HOFI | 5 / 1 | 7 / 15 | Residential, especially evergreens |
| Piping Plover | PIPL | 5 / 15 | 7 / 20 | Sandy ocean beaches |
| Mourning Dove | MODO | 4 / 15 | 7 / 20 | Suburbs, woodlots, farmland |
| Black-billed Cuckoo | BBCU | 6 / 20 | 7 / 20 | Variety of forest habitats, edges |
| Belted Kingfisher | BEKI | 4 / 10 | 7 / 20 | Along streams, or lakes with banks |
| Alder Flycatcher | ALFL | 6 / 10 | 7 / 20 | Wet brushy areas, prefers alders |
| Willow Flycatcher | WIFL | 6 / 10 | 7 / 20 | Wet to fairly dry brushy areas |
| Least Flycatcher | LEFL | 6 / 5 | 7 / 20 | Wood edges, open deciduous woods |
| Loggerhead Shrike | LOSH | 5 / 10 | 7 / 20 | Open country, hedgerows, cedars |
| Blue-winged Warbler | BWWA | 5 / 25 | 7 / 20 | Brushy fields, wood edges |
| Golden-winged Warbler | GWWA | 5 / 25 | 7 / 20 | Damp, brushy fields, wood edges |
| Prairie Warbler | PRAW | 5 / 25 | 7 / 20 | Brushy fields, edges, small pines |
| American Redstart | AMRE | 6 / 10 | 7 / 20 | Moist, deciduous forest |
| Prothonotary Warbler | PROW | 5 / 10 | 7 / 20 | Swamps, bottomlands |
| Worm-eating Warbler | WEWA | 5 / 20 | 7 / 20 | Deep deciduous woods |
| Northern Harrier | NOHA | 5 / 20 | 7 / 25 | Marshes, wet pastures and meadows |
| American Oystercatcher | AMOY | 5 / 15 | 7 / 25 | Sandy ocean beaches, fresh spoil |
| Black-and-white Warbler | BAWW | 5 / 15 | 7 / 25 | Extensive deciduous or mixed woods |
| Hooded Warbler | HOWA | 5 / 25 | 7 / 25 | Moist forests with dense understory |
| Baltimore Oriole | BAOR | 6 / 1 | 7 / 25 | Shade trees, open deciduous woods |
| Snow Goose | SNGO | 6 / 1 | 7 / 30 | |
| Lesser Scaup | LESC | 6 / 1 | 7 / 30 | |
| Common Merganser | COME | 6 / 1 | 7 / 30 | |
| Mississippi Kite | MIKI | 6 / 1 | 7 / 30 | |
| Bonaparte's Gull | BOGU | 6 / 1 | 7 / 30 | |
| Eurasian Collared-Dove | EUCD | 6 / 1 | 7 / 30 | |
| Monk Parakeet | MOPA | 6 / 1 | 7 / 30 | |
| Canada Goose | CANG | 5 / 10 | 7 / 31 | Shore or islands in any water body |
| American Black Duck | ABDU | 5 / 20 | 7 / 31 | High ground near water, often woods |
| Ruffed Grouse | RUGR | 4 / 1 | 7 / 31 | Mixed upland woods |
| Brown Pelican | BRPE | 6 / 1 | 7 / 31 | Shrubby marsh island |
| Least Bittern | LEBI | 5 / 20 | 7 / 31 | Fresh and brackish water marshes |
| Black Vulture | BLVU | 5 / 1 | 7 / 31 | Woods, cliffs, caves, buildings |
| Sharp-shinned Hawk | SSHA | 6 / 1 | 7 / 31 | Conifers in extensive woodlands |
| Cooper's Hawk | COHA | 5 / 20 | 7 / 31 | Mixed woodlands, groves |
| Sora | SORA | 6 / 1 | 7 / 31 | Fresh marshes, wet meadows |
| Purple Gallinule | PUGA | 6 / 20 | 7 / 31 | Shrubby swamps |
| Wilson's Plover | WIPL | 5 / 15 | 7 / 31 | Sandy ocean beaches |
| Yellow-billed Cuckoo | YBCU | 6 / 15 | 7 / 31 | Variety of forest habitats, edges |
| Ruby-throated Hummingbird | RTHU | 5 / 15 | 7 / 31 | Open woodlands, edges |
| Olive-sided Flycatcher | OSFL | 6 / 15 | 7 / 31 | Northern conifers |
| Great Crested Flycatcher | GCFL | 5 / 25 | 7 / 31 | Variety of woodland habitats |
| Red-eyed Vireo | REVI | 6 / 1 | 7 / 31 | Variety of woodland habitats |
| Common Raven | CORA | 4 / 1 | 7 / 31 | Mountainous, remote regions |
| Red-breasted Nuthatch | RBNU | 6 / 1 | 7 / 31 | Coniferous or mixed woods |
| Blue-gray Gnatcatcher | BGGN | 5 / 15 | 7 / 31 | Woodlands near streams |
| American Robin | AMRO | 5 / 1 | 7 / 31 | Everywhere, except very urban areas |
| European Starling | EUST | 4 / 1 | 7 / 31 | Everywhere |
| Cedar Waxwing | CEDW | 6 / 15 | 7 / 31 | Open woodland, shade trees, streams |
| Blackburnian Warbler | BLBW | 6 / 10 | 7 / 31 | Northern coniferous or mixed woods |
| Mourning Warbler | MOWA | 6 / 15 | 7 / 31 | Brushy areas in woodlands or edges |
| Bachman's Sparrow | BACS | 6 / 1 | 7 / 31 | Brushy fields, often with pines |
| Clay-colored Sparrow | CCSP | 6 / 1 | 7 / 31 | |
| Lark Sparrow | LASP | 6 / 1 | 7 / 31 | Grass with low shrubs & open ground |
| Song Sparrow | SOSP | 5 / 1 | 7 / 31 | Brushy fields, marsh edges, suburbs |
| Swamp Sparrow | SWSP | 6 / 1 | 7 / 31 | Marshes, wet brushy areas, bogs |
| White-throated Sparrow | WTSP | 6 / 10 | 7 / 31 | Brushy openings |
| Dark-eyed Junco (Slate-colored Junco) | SCJU | 6 / 1 | 7 / 31 | Edges of northern mixed forests |
| Bald Eagle | BAEA | 4 / 15 | 8 / 5 | Tall trees near lakes, marshes, rivers |
| Acadian Flycatcher | ACFL | 5 / 25 | 8 / 5 | Moist woods, bottomlands |
| Magnolia Warbler | MAWA | 6 / 10 | 8 / 5 | Northern coniferous forests |
| Black-throated Blue Warbler | BTBW | 6 / 5 | 8 / 5 | Mixed woods with heavy understory |
| Black-throated Green Warbler | BTNW | 6 / 10 | 8 / 5 | Northern coniferous or mixed woods |
| Cerulean Warbler | CERW | 5 / 25 | 8 / 5 | Mature moist or riverside forests |
| Ovenbird | OVEN | 5 / 20 | 8 / 5 | Open mature mixed upland forest |
| Yellow-breasted Chat | YBCH | 5 / 25 | 8 / 5 | Brushy fields, thickets, wood edges |
| Broad-winged Hawk | BWHA | 6 / 15 | 8 / 10 | Hilly woodlands |
| Chuck-will's-widow | CWWI | 5 / 1 | 8 / 10 | Dry open upland woods |
| Chimney Swift | CHSW | 5 / 15 | 8 / 10 | Primarily in towns |
| Warbling Vireo | WAVI | 6 / 10 | 8 / 10 | Open deciduous or riverside woods |
| Veery | VEER | 6 / 10 | 8 / 10 | Moist mixed woods |
| Swainson's Thrush | SWTH | 6 / 10 | 8 / 10 | Northern conifers, esp. spruce |
| Chestnut-sided Warbler | CSWA | 6 / 1 | 8 / 10 | Brushy, open second-growth, edges |
| Pine Warbler | PIWA | 4 / 25 | 8 / 10 | Variety of pine forests |
| Common Yellowthroat | COYE | 5 / 25 | 8 / 10 | Brushy areas, preferably wet |
| Summer Tanager | SUTA | 6 / 5 | 8 / 10 | Mixed dry upland woods |
| Scarlet Tanager | SCTA | 5 / 25 | 8 / 10 | Mature deciduous forests |
| Saltmarsh Sharp-tailed Sparrow | SSTS | 6 / 1 | 8 / 10 | Salt marshes |
| Seaside Sparrow | SESP | 6 / 1 | 8 / 10 | Salt marshes |
| Rose-breasted Grosbeak | RBGR | 6 / 15 | 8 / 10 | Edges of moist deciduous woods |
| Blue Grosbeak | BLGR | 5 / 25 | 8 / 10 | Thickets, hedgerows and edges |
| Purple Finch | PUFI | 6 / 1 | 8 / 10 | Mixed woods, parklands, residential |
| Wood Duck | WODU | 4 / 20 | 8 / 15 | Wooded swamps, fresh marshes, streams |
| Ring-necked Duck | RNDU | 5 / 20 | 8 / 15 | |
| American Bittern | AMBI | 5 / 20 | 8 / 15 | Tall marshes, wet fields |
| Osprey | OSPR | 6 / 1 | 8 / 15 | Marshes, tidal water bodies, channel markers |
| Peregrine Falcon | PEFA | 5 / 20 | 8 / 15 | Cliffs, buildings, bridges |
| Black Rail | BLRA | 5 / 1 | 8 / 15 | Brackish marshes |
| Virginia Rail | VIRA | 5 / 20 | 8 / 15 | Fresh and brackish marshes |
| Eastern Screech-Owl | EASO | 4 / 1 | 8 / 15 | Open woods, orchards |
| Eastern Wood-Pewee | EAWP | 6 / 1 | 8 / 15 | Variety of woodland habitats |
| White-eyed Vireo | WEVI | 5 / 25 | 8 / 15 | Brushy areas, often near water |
| Yellow-throated Vireo | YTVI | 5 / 25 | 8 / 15 | Tall deciduous trees |
| White-breasted Nuthatch | WBNU | 5 / 10 | 8 / 15 | Variety of woodland habitats, suburbs |
| Brown-headed Nuthatch | BHNU | 3 / 20 | 8 / 15 | Loblolly pine forests |
| House Wren | HOWR | 5 / 20 | 8 / 15 | Open woods, dead trees, suburbs |
| Nashville Warbler | NAWA | 5 / 25 | 8 / 15 | Swamp and bog areas |
| Northern Parula | NOPA | 6 / 1 | 8 / 15 | Moist woods, bottomlands, spruces |
| Indigo Bunting | INBU | 5 / 25 | 8 / 15 | Edges, open forest, brush areas |
| Gadwall | GADW | 5 / 20 | 8 / 20 | High ground near water |
| Mallard | MALL | 5 / 15 | 8 / 20 | High ground near water, often woods |
| Turkey Vulture | TUVU | 5 / 15 | 8 / 20 | Woods, cliffs, caves, buildings |
| Red-shouldered Hawk | RSHA | 5 / 10 | 8 / 20 | Wet mixed forests, swamps |
| Red-tailed Hawk | RTHA | 5 / 10 | 8 / 20 | Mature forests, often near edges |
| Red-headed Woodpecker | RHWO | 5 / 25 | 8 / 20 | Open country with scattered trees |
| Blue-headed Vireo | BHVI | 6 / 1 | 8 / 20 | Coniferous or mixed woodlands |
| Wood Thrush | WOTH | 5 / 25 | 8 / 20 | Variety of woodland habitats |
| Yellow-rumped Warbler (unid. Myrtle/Audubon's) | YRWA | 6 / 1 | 8 / 20 | |
| Ruddy Duck | RUDU | 6 / 10 | 8 / 25 | Dense marshes with open water |
| American Coot | AMCO | 6 / 10 | 8 / 25 | Marshes with open water |
| Northern Flicker (Yellow-shafted Flicker) | YSFL | 5 / 10 | 8 / 25 | Open woods, scattered trees, edges |
| Marsh Wren | MAWR | 5 / 25 | 8 / 25 | Cattail and other tall marshes |
| Mute Swan | MUSW | 5 / 1 | 8 / 31 | Shore or islands in any water body |
| Hooded Merganser | HOME | 5 / 20 | 8 / 31 | Wooded swamps, fresh marshes, streams |
| Northern Goshawk | NOGO | 4 / 15 | 8 / 31 | Large mature mixed woodlands |
| Clapper Rail | CLRA | 5 / 1 | 8 / 31 | Salt and brackish marshes |
| King Rail | KIRA | 5 / 1 | 8 / 31 | Fresh and brackish marshes |
| Common Moorhen | COMO | 5 / 20 | 8 / 31 | Marshes with open water |
| American Woodcock | AMWO | 4 / 15 | 8 / 31 | Upland forest edges |
| Great Horned Owl | GHOW | 12 / 15 | 8 / 31 | Most upland woodland types |
| Barred Owl | BADO | 1 / 15 | 8 / 31 | Bottomlands, swamps, moist woods |
| Red-bellied Woodpecker | RBWO | 3 / 15 | 8 / 31 | Variety of woodland habitats |
| Yellow-bellied Sapsucker | YBSA | 6 / 1 | 8 / 31 | Mixed woods, swamps, bogs |
| Downy Woodpecker | DOWO | 3 / 15 | 8 / 31 | Variety of wodlots. and edge habitats |
| Hairy Woodpecker | HAWO | 3 / 15 | 8 / 31 | Deep woods, primarily deciduous |
| Red-cockaded Woodpecker | RCWO | 3 / 15 | 8 / 31 | Loblolly pines |
| Pileated Woodpecker | PIWO | 3 / 15 | 8 / 31 | Deep woods, some secondary growth |
| Eastern Phoebe | EAPH | 5 / 1 | 8 / 31 | Near water, bridges, buildings |
| American Crow | AMCR | 4 / 20 | 8 / 31 | Open areas, edges, farms, parks |
| Fish Crow | FICR | 5 / 10 | 8 / 31 | Wood edges, farms, tidewater areas |
| Carolina Chickadee | CACH | 3 / 1 | 8 / 31 | Variety of woodland. habitats, suburbs |
| Tufted Titmouse | TUTI | 3 / 1 | 8 / 31 | Variety of woodland. habitats, suburbs |
| Brown Creeper | BRCR | 5 / 15 | 8 / 31 | Deep woods, flooded woods |
| Bewick's Wren | BEWR | 5 / 10 | 8 / 31 | Open woods, thickets, near residences |
| Winter Wren | WIWR | 5 / 20 | 8 / 31 | Moist woods with hemlocks |
| Eastern Bluebird | EABL | 5 / 1 | 8 / 31 | Wood edges, farmlands |
| Gray Catbird | GRCA | 5 / 25 | 8 / 31 | Dense thickets, shrubs, hedgerows |
| Brown Thrasher | BRTH | 5 / 15 | 8 / 31 | Dense thickets, shrubs, hedgerows |
| Swainson's Warbler | SWWA | 4 / 20 | 8 / 31 | Brushy, moist forest |
| Eastern Towhee | EATO | 5 / 20 | 8 / 31 | Dry open woodlands, edges, brush |
| Chipping Sparrow | CHSP | 5 / 1 | 8 / 31 | Farms, open mixed woods, suburbs |
| Field Sparrow | FISP | 5 / 1 | 8 / 31 | Brushy, weedy fields, hedgerows |
| Vesper Sparrow | VESP | 5 / 15 | 8 / 31 | Short grass areas, cultivated fields |
| Savannah Sparrow | SAVS | 6 / 5 | 8 / 31 | Hayfields, wet meadows, pastures |
| Grasshopper Sparrow | GRSP | 5 / 25 | 8 / 31 | Hayfields, grassy pastures |
| Henslow's Sparrow | HESP | 5 / 15 | 8 / 31 | Weedy fields, wet meadows |
| Dickcissel | DICK | 6 / 1 | 8 / 31 | Open country, especially alfalfa |
| Boat-tailed Grackle | BTGR | 4 / 15 | 8 / 31 | Brushy, open woods, near salt water |
| Pine Siskin | PISI | 6 / 15 | 8 / 31 | Northern conifers |
| American Goldfinch | AMGO | 6 / 15 | 8 / 31 | Brushy fields, edges, hedgerows |
| House Sparrow | HOSP | 2 / 1 | 8 / 31 | Cities, farms, parks, suburbs |
| Blue Jay | BLJA | 6 / 10 | 9 / 5 | Variety of woodland habitats, suburbs |
| Horned Lark | HOLA | 4 / 10 | 9 / 5 | Most short-grass areas |
| Northern Saw-whet Owl | NSWO | 5 / 5 | 9 / 10 | Mixed, moist woods, with conifers |
| Golden-crowned Kinglet | GCKI | 5 / 20 | 9 / 10 | Northern coniferous forests |
| Northern Mockingbird | NOMO | 4 / 1 | 9 / 10 | Open country, hedgerows, suburbs |
| Eastern Meadowlark | EAME | 4 / 25 | 9 / 10 | Hayfields, pastures |
| Hermit Thrush | HETH | 5 / 25 | 9 / 15 | Damp forests, with hemlocks |
| Black-capped Chickadee | BCCH | 5 / 1 | 9 / 20 | Variety of woodland. habitats, suburbs |
| Sedge Wren | SEWR | 6 / 10 | 9 / 20 | Wet meadows, marshes |
| Ring-necked Pheasant | RNEP | 4 / 15 | 9 / 30 | Open country, pastures, fields |
| Wild Turkey | WITU | 4 / 15 | 9 / 30 | Mature deciduous forests, edges |
| Northern Bobwhite | NOBO | 4 / 15 | 9 / 30 | Farmlands, near edge and hedgerows |
| Barn Owl | BANO | 4 / 15 | 9 / 30 | Open country, near structures |
| Long-eared Owl | LEOW | 5 / 1 | 9 / 30 | Evergreen forest |
| Short-eared Owl | SEOW | 5 / 1 | 9 / 30 | Open pastureland, marshes, meadows |
| Carolina Wren | CARW | 3 / 1 | 9 / 30 | Wood edges, thickets, near residences |
| Northern Cardinal | NOCA | 3 / 15 | 9 / 30 | Edge, brush. parks, suburbs |
| Rock Pigeon | ROPI | 1 / 1 | 12 / 31 | Cities, suburbs, farms, bridges |
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* Alpha Codes are also known as 'banding codes' (not AOU codes, which are numeric) ** Safe dates represent a window when a singing male is assumed not to be in migration, and therefore on territory. Some atlases do not use safe dates, because they prefer (given present knowledge) not to assume migration or territorial status of all individuals. Safe dates generally apply to the Possible breeding category only when used. |
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