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Species |
Alpha Code* |
Safe date start** |
Safe date end |
Habitat |
(unid. Myrtle/Audubon's) Yellow-rumped Warbler |
UYRW | 6 / 1 |
7 / 15 | Typically on horizontal branch of conifer, often near truck, 4-50 feet above ground. Occasionally in hardwoods. |
(unid. race) Dark-eyed Junco |
UDEJ | 3 / 10 |
8 / 1 | Coniferous and deciduous forest and edge, open woodland, bogs. Dense ground vegetation is required. |
(unid. Red/Yellow Shafted) Northern Flicker |
UNFL | 4 / 15 |
7 / 1 | Usually in woodland or forest, but also in parks, gardens, orchards. Cavity nest, often perennial. |
Acorn Woodpecker |
ACWO | 4 / 15 |
8 / 1 | Colonial, usually in deciduous snag, especially dead or dying oaks, also utility poles. |
Allen's Hummingbird |
ALHU | 2 / 15 |
6 / 1 | Primarily in moist areas, canyons in chaparral, thickets, brushy slopes, open coniferous forest, riparian, eucalyptus groves and residential areas. |
American Avocet |
AMAV | 5 / 15 |
7 / 5 | Loosely colonial near ponds, marshes estuaries, mud flats. Nest among tufts of vegetation on gravel, sand, mud below brush. |
American Bittern |
AMBI | 5 / 1 |
7 / 31 | Very well hidden on mound among marsh plants, cattails in fresh water preferred. |
American Coot |
AMCO | 5 / 1 |
8 / 15 | Nest, a floating platform anchored to plants in freshwater marsh, and near cattails in reservoirs. |
American Crow |
AMCR | 3 / 15 |
7 / 1 | Open country with scattered trees; towns. Large bundle of stick in tree crotch near trunk or on utility pole, or tower. |
American Goldfinch |
AMGO | 5 / 1 |
8 / 1 | Overgrown fields with scattered trees; forest openings. Nest in fork of tree or bush where about four limbs rise nearly vertically, 4-14 feet high. |
American Kestrel |
AMKE | 4 / 15 |
7 / 15 | Natural tree cavity, old woodpecker hole, nest box or in crannies in eaves of building. Rarely in open. Little or no nesting material added to cavity. |
American Robin |
AMRO | 4 / 1 |
8 / 15 | Open woodlands, suburbs, farmyards |
American White Pelican |
AWPE | 5 / 1 |
8 / 1 | Predator free islands in inland rivers and bays. Colonial, often among Double-crested Cormorants. |
American Wigeon |
AMWI | / |
/ | |
Anna's Hummingbird |
ANHU | 1 / 15 |
7 / 15 | Nest, almost anywhere, made of plant down and spider silk; thick walls built up after eggs laid; lichen added to exterior. |
Ash-throated Flycatcher |
ATFL | 4 / 25 |
7 / 15 | In scrub, chaparral, open and riparian woodlands, especially oaks and junipers; in natural cavity or woodpecker hole, usually less than 20 feet high. |
Band-tailed Pigeon |
BTPI | 2 / 1 |
7 / 15 | Oak woodland or coniferous forest, usually 15-40’ high on horizontal limb close to trunk. |
Bank Swallow |
BANS | 4 / 20 |
7 / 15 | Nest in dense colonies in burrows in banks of rivers, road cuts, lakes, creeks, and gravel pits. |
Barn Owl |
BANO | 3 / 15 |
8 / 1 | In cavities, caves, buildings and nest boxes. Look for pellets under eucalyptus, oak and date palm trees. |
Barn Swallow |
BARS | 4 / 10 |
8 / 31 | Usually nest near water under bridge or eaves of building. Nest, of mud and straw plastered to vertical surface, has open top. |
Belted Kingfisher |
BEKI | 5 / 1 |
7 / 15 | Usually along a stream, in a burrow in an earth bank, usually 1-3 feet from top; entrance floor has grooves on either side. |
Bewick's Wren |
BEWR | 4 / 1 |
8 / 1 | Chaparral, mixed brush & oak, riparian, in cavity or crevice usually near ground also in woodpecker hole. |
Black Phoebe |
BLPH | 4 / 1 |
7 / 15 | Over or near water, in woodland, canyon, suburb, farmland, under bridges over water, on or under structures. |
Black Rail |
BLRA | 5 / 1 |
7 / 1 | Deep cup of loosely woven grass in depression under arch of matted dead marsh grass. Found in salicornia. |
Black-chinned Hummingbird |
BCHU | 5 / 1 |
7 / 1 | Open and riparian woodlands, chaparral, suburban parks and residential gardens in drier areas of county. |
Black-chinned Sparrow |
BCSP | 5 / 1 |
8 / 1 | The most arid chaparral covered slopes. Nest in a shrub often sage. |
Black-crowned Night-Heron |
BCNH | 5 / 1 |
8 / 1 | Usually colonial, in sites that range from low marsh vegetation to tall trees. |
Black-headed Grosbeak |
BHGR | 4 / 15 |
8 / 1 | Dense oak woodland and orchards. Green Valley, Mix and Gates Canyons. |
Black-necked Stilt |
BNST | 5 / 1 |
7 / 1 | Colonial on dike or mound near water. Very aggressive with intruders; uses both broken leg and broken wing distraction display. |
Black-throated Gray Warbler |
BTYW | 5 / 10 |
8 / 1 | Arid coniferous-oak woodlands. On horizontal branch of tree, 3-10 feet (rarely up to 50 feet) high, 4-10 feet from trunk. |
Blue Grosbeak |
BLGR | 5 / 1 |
8 / 1 | Riparian thickets, woodlands, orchards, hedgerows in nest of twigs, hair, leaves, grass. |
Blue-gray Gnatcatcher |
BGGN | 4 / 20 |
7 / 20 | Chaparral slopes and oak woodland in dry canyons. Nest height 4-25 feet. |
Blue-winged Teal |
BWTE | 5 / 15 |
7 / 15 | Similar to Mallard and Cinnamon Teal. |
Brewer's Blackbird |
BRBL | 3 / 15 |
7 / 10 | Shrubby, brushy areas especially near water, riparian woodland, cultivated lands, marshes, around human habitation. |
Brown Creeper |
BRCR | 3 / 15 |
7 / 1 | Coniferous forest, oaks, riparian areas. Nest behind loose bark. |
Brown-headed Cowbird |
BHCO | 4 / 15 |
7 / 15 | Woodland, deciduous forest, forest edge, grassland. |
Bullock's Oriole |
BUOR | 4 / 10 |
8 / 1 | Open and riparian woodland, deciduous forest edge, open areas with scattered trees such as orchards, around human habitation. |
Burrowing Owl |
BUOW | 4 / 15 |
7 / 15 | Grasslands, prairie, levee, open area near golf course or airport. In burrows of ground squirrels, or man-made burrow-like structures. |
Bushtit |
BUSH | 3 / 10 |
7 / 1 | Woodlands, scrub, chaparral, and adjacent suburbs. Gourd-shaped, pendulous nest, conspicuous, 6-35 feet up in tree. |
Cackling Goose |
CACG | / |
/ | |
California Quail |
CAQU | 4 / 1 |
9 / 1 | On ground, under brush or in rock cranny in covered depression lined with dead leaves, grass. |
California Thrasher |
CATH | 2 / 15 |
7 / 10 | Chaparral, riparian with dense ground cover, brush along stream, suburbs with abundant planting. Nest hidden in shrub or low tree. |
California Towhee |
CALT | 4 / 1 |
8 / 1 | Chaparral, or riparian shrubs, parks, suburban gardens. Nest in dense bush, hard to find. |
Canada Goose |
CANG | 3 / 20 |
7 / 1 | Nests near fresh water or brackish marshes, meadows or reservoirs. |
Canyon Wren |
CANW | 5 / 1 |
7 / 15 | In steep-sided canyons, rocky streams, occasionally in arid areas in crevice in rock monolith. |
Caspian Tern |
CATE | 5 / 1 |
8 / 1 | Colonial on levees, islands. |
Cassin's Kingbird |
CAKI | 5 / 1 |
7 / 15 | |
Cassin's Vireo |
CAVI | 5 / 1 |
7 / 15 | Densely wooded canyons, oaks and riparian areas. Suspended cup nest in tree fork, 3-30 feet up. |
Cattle Egret |
CAEG | 5 / 1 |
7 / 31 | Nest of reeds, twigs, sticks and vines in wet pastures, plowed fields, marshes and lawns. Male collects, female builds. Highly colonial. |
Chestnut-backed Chickadee |
CBCH | 4 / 1 |
7 / 15 | Solano county habitat usually riparian or live oak groves. In natural or excavated cavity, usually below 10 feet. |
Chipping Sparrow |
CHSP | 5 / 1 |
8 / 1 | Open woodlands with grassy understory. Occasionally in orchard or vineyard. Nest usually 3-10 feet high in tree. |
Cinnamon Teal |
CITE | 4 / 15 |
7 / 1 | Dense cover 12-15 inches high near water. |
Clapper Rail |
CLRA | 4 / 15 |
7 / 15 | In tidal marshes, nest attached to several reed stems above water level at high tide. |
Clark's Grebe |
CLGR | 5 / 1 |
9 / 1 | Nest is a floating platform of fresh and decayed vegetation usually on or anchored to live vegetation in shallow water. Colonial. |
Cliff Swallow |
CLSW | 3 / 20 |
7 / 15 | Plaster mud, gourd-shaped nests with small side entrance under eaves of buildings and bridges, natural cliffs, even trees. Close to source of mud. |
Common Gallinule |
COGA | 4 / 15 |
7 / 15 | Floating platform on fresh-water marshes, channels and ponds, usually where water is covered with duck-weed, but sometimes in shrub near water. |
Common Goldeneye |
COGO | / |
/ | |
Common Merganser |
COME | / |
/ | |
Common Poorwill |
COPO | 4 / 1 |
8 / 31 | Rough chaparral slopes, rocky outcrops and tablelands, usually arid or semi-arid. On bare ground, often under bush. |
Common Raven |
CORA | 3 / 15 |
7 / 1 | Mainly on cliff ledges, tall conifers, nest of large sticks. Look for fallen nest material at base of cliff, whitewash just below nest site. |
Common Yellowthroat |
COYE | 5 / 10 |
8 / 1 | Female builds near fresh, brackish or saltwater marsh, in marsh plants or nearby shrub. Nest near ground. |
Cooper's Hawk |
COHA | 4 / 15 |
7 / 15 | In riparian groves and mountain canyons, in stick nest in tree 20 to forty feet high. |
Double-crested Cormorant |
DCCO | 4 / 15 |
8 / 1 | Bulky stick nest on ground or in dead or living tree at any height, always near water. Colonial. |
Downy Woodpecker |
DOWO | 4 / 15 |
8 / 1 | Riparian woods and residential areas; deciduous woodlands, especially willows; mixed oak-deciduous woodlands in excavated cavity in dead wood. |
Eurasian Collared-Dove |
EUCD | / |
/ | |
European Starling |
EUST | 4 / 1 |
8 / 1 | Colonies occur where suitable cavities/crevices abound in tree/building. Drives away primary and secondary cavity nesters. |
Forster's Tern |
FOTE | 5 / 1 |
8 / 15 | Colonial, fresh or saltwater marshes and marshy borders of reservoirs, islands in sloughs. |
Gadwall |
GADW | 5 / 1 |
7 / 15 | In tall dense vegetation, frequently on an island in a marsh or lake. |
Golden Eagle |
GOEA | 3 / 15 |
7 / 15 | On rocky ledge or treetop. Stick nest; new material added each year. Frequently alternates between two nesting sites. |
Grasshopper Sparrow |
GRSP | 4 / 15 |
7 / 1 | Grassland, cultivated and abandoned fields, prairie, open savanna. |
Great Blue Heron |
GBHE | 3 / 1 |
8 / 1 | Solitary or colonial, on bulky stick nests high in trees, easily seen. |
Great Egret |
GREG | 5 / 15 |
8 / 1 | Solitary or colonial nesting, sometimes with other species, in trees or shrubs usually more than ten feet above ground. |
Great Horned Owl |
GHOW | 1 / 1 |
7 / 1 | In old nest of large bird, i.e., Red-tailed Hawk, and in tree cavities, caves. |
Great-tailed Grackle |
GTGR | 5 / 1 |
8 / 1 | Oft near water; large, bulky, rim woven to supports, built with twigs, forbs rushes, sedges, mud. Lined with fine grass, rootlets, trash. |
Greater Roadrunner |
GRRO | 4 / 1 |
7 / 15 | Desert scrub, chaparral, edge of cultivated land, arid open areas with scattered brush, pine-oak woodland. |
Greater Yellowlegs |
GRYE | / |
/ | |
Green Heron |
GRHE | 4 / 15 |
7 / 15 | Usually solitary, colonial occasionally, in tree, bush or on the ground. Check small riparian creeks. |
Green-winged Teal |
GWTE | 4 / 15 |
7 / 1 | Similar habitat to Mallard; female covers eggs when off nest. |
Hairy Woodpecker |
HAWO | 5 / 1 |
7 / 31 | Mixed deciduous & coniferous woodlands & forests; pure coniferous stands; rarely lowland riparian areas. |
Hooded Oriole |
HOOR | 5 / 1 |
6 / 30 | Riparian woodland, palm trees, deciduous woodland, around human habitation. |
Horned Lark |
HOLA | 4 / 15 |
8 / 1 | Dry grasslands or plowed fields. Nest, in depression in ground, partly under a clod or clump of grass, made of dried grass. Nest search futile. |
House Finch |
HOFI | 3 / 15 |
8 / 1 | Nest loosely woven of dried grass; outside of nest splashed with feces. |
House Sparrow |
HOSP | 4 / 1 |
8 / 15 | Found wherever there people or domestic livestock. Nests in any kind of cavity or crevice. |
House Wren |
HOWR | 4 / 1 |
8 / 15 | Nest sites in more wooded areas than Bewick’s. In natural cavity, crevice or in structures, female completes one of the male’s dummy nests. |
Hutton's Vireo |
HUVI | 2 / 1 |
7 / 1 | Usually in a live oak, but also in other trees and shrubs, 7-25 feet high. |
Killdeer |
KILL | 4 / 10 |
7 / 1 | Depression in bare ground, gravel or pebbles in dry river bed, railway bed, dry area near pond or lake and even on gravel roof, usually unlined. |
Lark Sparrow |
LASP | 4 / 10 |
7 / 15 | Open oak woodlands mixed with grasslands or pasture. Nest usually on bare or eroded ground, shaded by plant clump. |
Lawrence's Goldfinch |
LAGO | 4 / 15 |
7 / 15 | Chaparral, oak woodland, riparian thickets, in tree or shrub, 2-30 feet high. Needs nearby grasslands and water. Sometimes semi-colonial. |
Lazuli Bunting |
LAZB | 5 / 10 |
8 / 1 | Chaparral, especially recently burned areas, brushy, dry borders of lakes and streams. Nest in fork of tree or bush, 2-4 feet high. |
Least Tern |
LETE | 5 / 1 |
8 / 1 | Open, flat beaches, river and lake margins, usually near shallow water. Nest shallow depression, usually unlined. |
Lesser Goldfinch |
LEGO | 4 / 15 |
7 / 15 | Riparian areas with bushes, but only scattered trees, chaparral, oaks, suburban gardens. Nest in tree or bush, 2-30 feet high. |
Loggerhead Shrike |
LOSH | 2 / 10 |
7 / 1 | Open country with occasional trees or shrubs. Stick nest well concealed in dense foliage. |
Long-billed Curlew |
LBCU | / |
/ | |
Mallard |
MALL | 3 / 1 |
9 / 1 | Well concealed in dense vegetation in depression on ground, lined with duck down, usually within half mile of water. |
Mandarin Duck |
MNDU | 4 / 1 |
7 / 15 | Secluded lakes, streams and rivers; hole in tree or nestbox at Lake Solano Collinsville. |
Marsh Wren |
MAWR | 5 / 1 |
7 / 15 | Fresh & brackish marshes with abundant reeds. Nest attached to several reed stems. Two to 4 dummy nests. |
Mountain Quail |
MOUQ | 4 / 15 |
7 / 15 | Overgrown clearings and burns in forested mountains, chaparral and juniper usually above 2000 feet. Depression in ground under brush or limb. |
Mourning Dove |
MODO | 3 / 15 |
8 / 15 | In tree 10-100’ high, occasionally on ground, in flimsy nest of twigs and rootlets. |
Mute Swan |
MUSW | / |
/ | |
Northern Harrier |
NOHA | 4 / 15 |
7 / 10 | In marshes or brushy fields, bulky stick nest on or near ground, hidden by brush or tall grass. |
Northern Mockingbird |
NOMO | 3 / 15 |
8 / 1 | Open woodland or scrubland, parks, gardens. Nest in dense bush or tree, 1-40 feet high. |
Northern Pintail |
NOPI | 4 / 15 |
7 / 15 | In vegetation lined depression on ground in open area with sparse vegetation, usually near a marsh or pond. |
Northern Pygmy-Owl |
NOPO | 5 / 1 |
7 / 10 | Open coniferous or mixed woods, wooded canyons, in abandoned woodpecker hole or natural cavity. |
Northern Rough-winged Swallow |
NRWS | 4 / 20 |
7 / 1 | Open country, especially near running water, in burrow or crevice, either natural or man-made, e.g., kingfisher burrow & highway overpass drain holes. |
Northern Saw-whet Owl |
NSWO | 4 / 1 |
7 / 15 | Dense coniferous and mixed coniferous-deciduous forest, wooded swamps, bogs; nest in woodpecker holes and natural cavities. |
Northern Shoveler |
NSHO | 5 / 20 |
7 / 15 | In short grass around boggy edges of marshes and ponds, in a lined depression on ground. |
Nuttall's Woodpecker |
NUWO | 4 / 15 |
7 / 15 | Usually in excavated cavity in dead oak or riparian deciduous tree. Male does most of incubation, including all nocturnal incubation and brooding. |
Oak Titmouse |
OATI | 3 / 1 |
6 / 15 | Juniper and oak woodland, in natural or excavated cavity up to 30 feet above ground. May do minor excavation of hole. Will use nest box. |
Olive-sided Flycatcher |
OSFL | 6 / 1 |
7 / 15 | Open coniferous/deciduous forest with lots of dead trees. Preference for Douglas Fir in canyon. |
Orange-crowned Warbler |
OCWA | 4 / 1 |
7 / 10 | Brushlands, willow thickets, oak woodlands & taller chaparral. Nest on hill slope, often on steep bank on ground or less than 3 feet high in shrub. |
Osprey |
OSPR | 5 / 1 |
7 / 15 | Near fresh or salt water, bulky conspicuous stick nest on ground or most commonly on top of a tree or man-made structure on Mare Island and Vallejo. |
Pacific-slope Flycatcher |
PSFL | 4 / 15 |
7 / 10 | Deciduous and coniferous woodlands, especially near streams, even gardens. Nest on ground or to 30 feet high in notch or crotch, behind loose bark. |
Peregrine Falcon |
PEFA | 4 / 1 |
7 / 15 | Cliffs, tall structures like bridges and buildings in open areas. |
Phainopepla |
PHAI | 5 / 1 |
8 / 1 | Scrub oak and foothill riparian woodland with mistletoe. Male builds nest and shares incubation. Nest is shallow cup, small for size of bird. |
Pied-billed Grebe |
PBGR | 5 / 1 |
8 / 1 | On floating vegetation slightly above fresh water deeper than one foot. Hard to see. Adult slips away from nest when disturbed. |
Pileated Woodpecker |
PIWO | 4 / 15 |
7 / 15 | Deciduous/coniferous forests and open woodlands; nest hole usually in dead wood, often oval or triangular, narrower at top. |
Prairie Falcon |
PRFA | 4 / 1 |
7 / 10 | Cliffs. |
Purple Finch |
PUFI | 4 / 1 |
7 / 1 | Wooded canyons with oaks or mixed oaks and conifers. On horizontal branch, usually at fork, 5-60 feet high. |
Purple Martin |
PUMA | 4 / 15 |
8 / 1 | Open country, savanna, rural areas, especially near water in tree hole, cliff niche, or other cavity. |
Red-shouldered Hawk |
RSHA | 3 / 15 |
7 / 15 | Riparian, usually near stream, suburban large trees; nest halfway up near the main trunk. Nest smaller than Red-Tailed Hawk. |
Red-tailed Hawk |
RTHA | 3 / 15 |
7 / 15 | Woodland and open country with scattered trees. Bulky nest of sticks and twigs in crotch of large tree or on rocky cliff. |
Red-winged Blackbird |
RWBL | 4 / 1 |
7 / 1 | Freshwater and brackish marshes, riparian habitats, fields. |
Redhead |
REDH | / |
/ | |
Ring-necked Pheasant |
RNEP | 4 / 15 |
7 / 1 | Near marshes and in over-grown fields. Nest on ground and hard to find. |
Rock Pigeon |
ROPI | 3 / 1 |
8 / 15 | Singly or colonial, on ledges, natural or man-made near human habitation, in barns and abandoned buildings. |
Rock Wren |
ROWR | 4 / 15 |
7 / 15 | Variety of rocky & gravelly habitats, including quarries, in crevice or beneath overhang. |
Ruddy Duck |
RUDU | 5 / 10 |
8 / 15 | Nest attached to tall reeds, 7-8 inches above water. |
Rufous-crowned Sparrow |
RCSP | 5 / 1 |
7 / 15 | Steep rock chaparral slopes where shrubs intermix with small grass areas. Usually on ground under shrub or grass clump. |
Savannah Sparrow |
SAVS | 5 / 1 |
7 / 1 | Grasslands, salicornia (pickleweed) marshes bordering coastal estuary. |
Say's Phoebe |
SAPH | 4 / 15 |
7 / 1 | |
Sharp-shinned Hawk |
SSHA | 5 / 1 |
7 / 15 | Woodlands, mountainous coniferous/deciduous forest Nest by trunk, broad, flat, of sticks, twigs; lined with smaller twigs, grass, conifer needles |
Short-eared Owl |
SEOW | 4 / 10 |
7 / 1 | On ground in marsh, usually hidden in low vegetation. |
Snowy Egret |
SNEG | 5 / 1 |
8 / 1 | Same as Great Egret except this species occasionally nests in marsh vegetation instead of trees. |
Snowy Plover |
SNPL | / |
/ | |
Song Sparrow (M.m.gouldii) |
SSGO | 3 / 15 |
8 / 1 | Dense vegetation along watercourses and coasts, marshes, in nest of grass, forbs, leaves, beneath grass tuft, shrub, brush pile on ground to 3 feet. |
Song Sparrow (M.m.maxillaris) |
SSMA | 3 / 1 |
7 / 1 | Dense vegetation along watercourses and coasts, marshes, in nest of grass, forbs, leaves, beneath grass tuft, shrub, brush pile on ground to 3 feet. |
Song Sparrow (M.m.samuelis) |
SSSA | 3 / 1 |
7 / 1 | Dense vegetation along watercourses and coasts, marshes, in nest of grass, forbs, leaves, beneath grass tuft, shrub, brush pile on ground to 3 feet. |
Sora |
SORA | 5 / 15 |
7 / 15 | Freshwater marshes, wet meadows, usually over deeper water than Virginia Rail. Nest indistinguishable from Virginia Rail. |
Spotted Sandpiper |
SPSA | 6 / 1 |
7 / 15 | Wide variety of habitats: semi-open vegetation near water. Nest, a scrape in grass, moss, forbs, tangles, among rocks, etc., usually 2-4 eggs. |
Spotted Towhee |
SPTO | 4 / 15 |
8 / 1 | In dense chaparral, riparian thickets, forest edge or woodland. Nest on ground or dense bush, hard to find. |
Steller's Jay |
STJA | 3 / 15 |
7 / 10 | Coniferous and mixed oak-pine forest, oak-madrone canyons; 8-40 feet high, usually in conifer, sometimes in shrub. |
Swainson's Hawk |
SWHA | 4 / 15 |
7 / 15 | Agricultural land with scattered trees, savanna, open conifer/oak woodland, prairie. |
Swainson's Thrush |
SWTH | 6 / 1 |
8 / 1 | Shaded riparian woodlands of canyons and lowlands, prefers dense willow-alder stands. Nest on horizontal branch 2-20 feet high. |
Townsend's Warbler |
TOWA | / |
/ | |
Tree Swallow |
TRES | 4 / 10 |
7 / 1 | Widespread and common in foothill, riparian woodland near water. Nest in woodpecker hole, natural cavity or nest box.. |
Tricolored Blackbird |
TRBL | 5 / 1 |
7 / 15 | Near or over water, also in agicultural crops. Woven of sedges, grass, forbs, lined with fine grass. Built in 4 days. |
Turkey Vulture |
TUVU | 5 / 1 |
7 / 15 | No nest. Eggs laid on bare ground or gravel on cliff ledge or in cave, sometimes in hollow stump or tree. |
unid. California Scrub-Jay / Woodhouse's Scrub-Jay |
WESJ | 3 / 10 |
7 / 10 | Chaparral, stream bottoms and in suburbs especially if live oaks present. Very dense foliage around nest. |
unid. Sagebrush Sparrow / Bell's Sparrow |
USBS | 4 / 15 |
8 / 1 | Low dense chaparral, in bush 3 feet or higher. |
Violet-green Swallow |
VGSW | 4 / 10 |
7 / 1 | Tree cavities, woodpecker holes and crevices in cliffs, mainly at higher elevations; also in wooded lowlands. |
Virginia Rail |
VIRA | 4 / 15 |
7 / 1 | Usually in freshwater marshes, but occasionally in upper reaches of saltwater marshes in sedges or cattails just above water. |
Warbling Vireo |
WAVI | 4 / 15 |
7 / 20 | Riparian and mixed woodlands. Basketlike deep cup nest suspended in fork of small branch, below 30 feet. |
Western Bluebird |
WEBL | 4 / 1 |
8 / 1 | In open woodlands, in natural cavity, woodpecker hole, nest box. |
Western Grebe |
WEGR | 5 / 1 |
9 / 1 | Nest is a floating platform of fresh and decayed vegetation usually on or anchored to live vegetation in shallow water. Colonial. |
Western Gull |
WEGU | 4 / 1 |
8 / 1 | Colonial on predator free islands or rocky islets, rotten piers, rotted pilings, flat roofs. |
Western Kingbird |
WEKI | 4 / 15 |
8 / 1 | Dry, open country, agricultural lands, riparian woodlands, in tall tree or power pole. |
Western Meadowlark |
WEME | 4 / 1 |
8 / 1 | Grassland, savannah, pasture, cultivated fields. |
Western Screech-Owl |
WESO | 3 / 15 |
7 / 15 | Oak & riparian woodlands, scrub, orchards, woodlots in old woodpecker holes or natural cavities, man-made crevices or nest box. |
Western Tanager |
WETA | 5 / 15 |
7 / 15 | Coniferous forests and oak woodlands, especially likely near a spring; in fork of horizontal branch, well out from trunk, greater than 15 feet high. |
Western Wood-Pewee |
WEWP | 5 / 1 |
8 / 1 | Oak or riparian woodlands, Cup nest usually 15-40 feet high on horizontal Y of branch. |
White-breasted Nuthatch |
WBNU | 3 / 15 |
7 / 15 | In oaks and conifers in canyons, in cavity 15-50 feet high. May excavate own cavity. |
White-faced Ibis |
WFIB | 5 / 10 |
7 / 15 | Usually in freshwater ponds, marshes, swamps and rivers. Nest is usually on ground; occasionally in shrub or low tree over water. Colonial. |
White-tailed Kite |
WTKI | 3 / 15 |
7 / 1 | Savannah, marsh, streamside areas and orchards. Bulky twig and grass nest in tree. |
White-throated Swift |
WTSW | 4 / 20 |
7 / 1 | In crevice in cliff, building, bridge, or overpass in drain pipe. |
Wild Turkey |
WITU | 4 / 15 |
8 / 15 | In a scooped out hollow on the ground in a dry place. May be lined with dry grass. |
Willow Flycatcher |
WIFL | / |
/ | |
Wilson's Phalarope |
WIPH | 6 / 10 |
7 / 15 | Nest a scrape made by male is open or well concealed in sparse vegetation on damp ground in fresh water marsh, slough, wet meadow, or island. |
Wilson's Warbler |
WIWA | 4 / 15 |
8 / 1 | In canyons and low dense thickets of willows & other shrubs in well-watered locations, on steep slopes. In depression on or near ground in dense veg. |
Wood Duck |
WODU | 4 / 15 |
7 / 15 | In cavity or large tree near pond or slow-moving water. Use nest boxes at Grizzly Island Wildlife Area and Lake Solano (GIWA). |
Wrentit |
WREN | 4 / 15 |
8 / 1 | In chaparral bush, 1 ½ -2 feet off ground. Three nests found in ’04 averaged ~4.5’ high. |
Yellow Rail |
YERA | 6 / 1 |
8 / 1 | |
Yellow Warbler |
YEWA | 4 / 15 |
8 / 1 | Tall riparian stands of willows, alders, etc. In upright crotch of tree or shrub, 2-12 feet high. |
Yellow-billed Magpie |
YBMA | 4 / 15 |
7 / 15 | Common in open woodland forming small loose colonies. Nest is a conspicuous large mass of sticks, domed, with side entrance. |
Yellow-breasted Chat |
YBCH | 5 / 15 |
8 / 1 | Dense riparian thickets, in the lowlands. Nest in brush or thicket, 2-6 feet high. |
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* Alpha Codes are also known as 'banding codes' (not AOU codes, which are numeric)
** Safe dates represent a window when a singing male is assumed not to be in migration, and
therefore on territory. Some atlases do not use safe dates, because they prefer
(given present knowledge) not to assume migration or territorial status of all individuals.
Safe dates generally apply to the Possible breeding category only when used.
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