Maryland & DC 2002-2006 (published!)
Species Info
| Species Information | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
currently sorted by: alpha code |
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| sort: taxonomic | alpha | sort by | sort by | sort by | |
| Species | Alpha Code* | Safe date start** | Safe date end | Habitat |
| American Black Duck | ABDU | 5 / 20 | 7 / 31 | High ground near water, often woods |
| Acadian Flycatcher | ACFL | 5 / 25 | 8 / 5 | Moist woods, bottomlands |
| Green-winged Teal | AGWT | 6 / 1 | 6 / 30 | High ground near water |
| Alder Flycatcher | ALFL | 6 / 10 | 7 / 20 | Wet brushy areas, prefers alders |
| American Bittern | AMBI | 5 / 20 | 8 / 15 | Tall marshes, wet fields |
| American Coot | AMCO | 6 / 10 | 8 / 25 | Marshes with open water |
| American Crow | AMCR | 4 / 20 | 8 / 31 | Open areas, edges, farms, parks |
| American Goldfinch | AMGO | 6 / 15 | 8 / 31 | Brushy fields, edges, hedgerows |
| American Kestrel | AMKE | 5 / 15 | 7 / 15 | Open country, scattered trees, edge |
| American Oystercatcher | AMOY | 5 / 15 | 7 / 25 | Sandy ocean beaches, fresh spoil |
| American Redstart | AMRE | 6 / 10 | 7 / 20 | Moist, deciduous forest |
| American Robin | AMRO | 5 / 1 | 7 / 31 | Everywhere, except very urban areas |
| American Woodcock | AMWO | 4 / 15 | 8 / 31 | Upland forest edges |
| Bachman's Sparrow | BACS | 6 / 1 | 7 / 31 | Brushy fields, often with pines |
| Barred Owl | BADO | 1 / 15 | 8 / 31 | Bottomlands, swamps, moist woods |
| Bald Eagle | BAEA | 4 / 15 | 8 / 5 | Tall trees near lakes, marshes, rivers |
| Barn Owl | BANO | 4 / 15 | 9 / 30 | Open country, near structures |
| Bank Swallow | BANS | 6 / 1 | 6 / 20 | Near water with steep banks, colonial |
| Baltimore Oriole | BAOR | 6 / 1 | 7 / 25 | Shade trees, open deciduous woods |
| Barn Swallow | BARS | 5 / 25 | 6 / 25 | Open country near buildings, bridges |
| Black-and-white Warbler | BAWW | 5 / 15 | 7 / 25 | Extensive deciduous or mixed woods |
| Black-billed Cuckoo | BBCU | 6 / 20 | 7 / 20 | Variety of forest habitats, edges |
| Black-capped Chickadee | BCCH | 5 / 1 | 9 / 20 | Variety of woodland. habitats, suburbs |
| Black-crowned Night-Heron | BCNH | 5 / 10 | 6 / 30 | Shrubs, trees near tidal water |
| Belted Kingfisher | BEKI | 4 / 10 | 7 / 20 | Along streams, or lakes with banks |
| Bewick's Wren | BEWR | 5 / 10 | 8 / 31 | Open woods, thickets, near residences |
| Blue-gray Gnatcatcher | BGGN | 5 / 15 | 7 / 31 | Woodlands near streams |
| Brown-headed Cowbird | BHCO | 5 / 1 | 7 / 10 | Everywhere, except urban areas |
| Brown-headed Nuthatch | BHNU | 3 / 20 | 8 / 15 | Loblolly pine forests |
| Blue-headed Vireo | BHVI | 6 / 1 | 8 / 20 | Coniferous or mixed woodlands |
| Blackburnian Warbler | BLBW | 6 / 10 | 7 / 31 | Northern coniferous or mixed woods |
| Blue Grosbeak | BLGR | 5 / 25 | 8 / 10 | Thickets, hedgerows and edges |
| Blue Jay | BLJA | 6 / 10 | 9 / 5 | Variety of woodland habitats, suburbs |
| Black Rail | BLRA | 5 / 1 | 8 / 15 | Brackish marshes |
| Black Skimmer | BLSK | 5 / 25 | 7 / 5 | Beaches, coastal islands |
| Black Vulture | BLVU | 5 / 1 | 7 / 31 | Woods, cliffs, caves, buildings |
| Black-necked Stilt | BNST | 5 / 15 | 7 / 15 | |
| Bobolink | BOBO | 6 / 15 | 6 / 30 | Fields, meadows, pastures |
| Bonaparte's Gull | BOGU | 6 / 1 | 7 / 30 | |
| Brown Creeper | BRCR | 5 / 15 | 8 / 31 | Deep woods, flooded woods |
| Brown Pelican | BRPE | 6 / 1 | 7 / 31 | Shrubby marsh island |
| Brown Thrasher | BRTH | 5 / 15 | 8 / 31 | Dense thickets, shrubs, hedgerows |
| Black-throated Blue Warbler | BTBW | 6 / 5 | 8 / 5 | Mixed woods with heavy understory |
| Boat-tailed Grackle | BTGR | 4 / 15 | 8 / 31 | Brushy, open woods, near salt water |
| Black-throated Green Warbler | BTNW | 6 / 10 | 8 / 5 | Northern coniferous or mixed woods |
| Bufflehead | BUFF | / | / | |
| Broad-winged Hawk | BWHA | 6 / 15 | 8 / 10 | Hilly woodlands |
| Blue-winged Teal | BWTE | 6 / 5 | 7 / 5 | High ground near water |
| Blue-winged Warbler | BWWA | 5 / 25 | 7 / 20 | Brushy fields, wood edges |
| Carolina Chickadee | CACH | 3 / 1 | 8 / 31 | Variety of woodland. habitats, suburbs |
| Cattle Egret | CAEG | 5 / 20 | 6 / 20 | Shrubs, trees near tidal water |
| Canada Goose | CANG | 5 / 10 | 7 / 31 | Shore or islands in any water body |
| Canvasback | CANV | / | / | |
| Carolina Wren | CARW | 3 / 1 | 9 / 30 | Wood edges, thickets, near residences |
| Caspian Tern | CATE | / | / | |
| Canada Warbler | CAWA | 6 / 10 | 7 / 15 | Thick, moist forest undergrowth |
| Clay-colored Sparrow | CCSP | 6 / 1 | 7 / 31 | |
| Cedar Waxwing | CEDW | 6 / 15 | 7 / 31 | Open woodland, shade trees, streams |
| Cerulean Warbler | CERW | 5 / 25 | 8 / 5 | Mature moist or riverside forests |
| Chipping Sparrow | CHSP | 5 / 1 | 8 / 31 | Farms, open mixed woods, suburbs |
| Chimney Swift | CHSW | 5 / 15 | 8 / 10 | Primarily in towns |
| Clapper Rail | CLRA | 5 / 1 | 8 / 31 | Salt and brackish marshes |
| Cliff Swallow | CLSW | 6 / 1 | 6 / 25 | Open country near buildings, bridges |
| Common Grackle | COGR | 4 / 15 | 6 / 30 | Suburbs, farmland |
| Cooper's Hawk | COHA | 5 / 20 | 7 / 31 | Mixed woodlands, groves |
| Common Loon | COLO | / | / | |
| Common Merganser | COME | 6 / 1 | 7 / 30 | |
| Common Moorhen | COMO | 5 / 20 | 8 / 31 | Marshes with open water |
| Common Nighthawk | CONI | 6 / 5 | 7 / 15 | Barren country and flat roofs |
| Common Raven | CORA | 4 / 1 | 7 / 31 | Mountainous, remote regions |
| Common Tern | COTE | 6 / 5 | 6 / 30 | Beaches, coastal islands, spoil areas |
| Common Yellowthroat | COYE | 5 / 25 | 8 / 10 | Brushy areas, preferably wet |
| Chestnut-sided Warbler | CSWA | 6 / 1 | 8 / 10 | Brushy, open second-growth, edges |
| Chuck-will's-widow | CWWI | 5 / 1 | 8 / 10 | Dry open upland woods |
| Double-crested Cormorant | DCCO | 6 / 10 | 6 / 30 | |
| Dickcissel | DICK | 6 / 1 | 8 / 31 | Open country, especially alfalfa |
| Downy Woodpecker | DOWO | 3 / 15 | 8 / 31 | Variety of wodlots. and edge habitats |
| Eastern Bluebird | EABL | 5 / 1 | 8 / 31 | Wood edges, farmlands |
| Eastern Kingbird | EAKI | 5 / 25 | 7 / 5 | Open areas, edges, often near water |
| Eastern Meadowlark | EAME | 4 / 25 | 9 / 10 | Hayfields, pastures |
| Eastern Phoebe | EAPH | 5 / 1 | 8 / 31 | Near water, bridges, buildings |
| Eastern Screech-Owl | EASO | 4 / 1 | 8 / 15 | Open woods, orchards |
| Eastern Towhee | EATO | 5 / 20 | 8 / 31 | Dry open woodlands, edges, brush |
| Eastern Wood-Pewee | EAWP | 6 / 1 | 8 / 15 | Variety of woodland habitats |
| Eurasian Collared-Dove | EUCD | 6 / 1 | 7 / 30 | |
| European Starling | EUST | 4 / 1 | 7 / 31 | Everywhere |
| Fish Crow | FICR | 5 / 10 | 8 / 31 | Wood edges, farms, tidewater areas |
| Field Sparrow | FISP | 5 / 1 | 8 / 31 | Brushy, weedy fields, hedgerows |
| Forster's Tern | FOTE | 5 / 15 | 6 / 25 | Salt marshes |
| Gadwall | GADW | 5 / 20 | 8 / 20 | High ground near water |
| Great Black-backed Gull | GBBG | 6 / 5 | 7 / 10 | Beaches, coastal islands, spoil areas |
| Great Blue Heron | GBHE | 5 / 15 | 6 / 30 | Wooded swamps, beaver ponds, islands |
| Gull-billed Tern | GBTE | 5 / 15 | 7 / 5 | Beaches, coastal islands |
| Great Crested Flycatcher | GCFL | 5 / 25 | 7 / 31 | Variety of woodland habitats |
| Golden-crowned Kinglet | GCKI | 5 / 20 | 9 / 10 | Northern coniferous forests |
| Great Horned Owl | GHOW | 12 / 15 | 8 / 31 | Most upland woodland types |
| Glossy Ibis | GLIB | 5 / 20 | 6 / 30 | Shrubs, trees near tidal water |
| Gray Catbird | GRCA | 5 / 25 | 8 / 31 | Dense thickets, shrubs, hedgerows |
| Great Egret | GREG | 5 / 20 | 6 / 20 | Shrubs, trees near tidal water |
| Green Heron | GRHE | 5 / 1 | 7 / 15 | Woods near marshes or open water |
| Grasshopper Sparrow | GRSP | 5 / 25 | 8 / 31 | Hayfields, grassy pastures |
| Golden-winged Warbler | GWWA | 5 / 25 | 7 / 20 | Damp, brushy fields, wood edges |
| Hairy Woodpecker | HAWO | 3 / 15 | 8 / 31 | Deep woods, primarily deciduous |
| Herring Gull | HERG | 6 / 5 | 7 / 10 | Beaches, coastal islands, spoil areas |
| Henslow's Sparrow | HESP | 5 / 15 | 8 / 31 | Weedy fields, wet meadows |
| Hermit Thrush | HETH | 5 / 25 | 9 / 15 | Damp forests, with hemlocks |
| House Finch | HOFI | 5 / 1 | 7 / 15 | Residential, especially evergreens |
| Horned Grebe | HOGR | / | / | |
| Horned Lark | HOLA | 4 / 10 | 9 / 5 | Most short-grass areas |
| Hooded Merganser | HOME | 5 / 20 | 8 / 31 | Wooded swamps, fresh marshes, streams |
| House Sparrow | HOSP | 2 / 1 | 8 / 31 | Cities, farms, parks, suburbs |
| Hooded Warbler | HOWA | 5 / 25 | 7 / 25 | Moist forests with dense understory |
| House Wren | HOWR | 5 / 20 | 8 / 15 | Open woods, dead trees, suburbs |
| Indigo Bunting | INBU | 5 / 25 | 8 / 15 | Edges, open forest, brush areas |
| Kentucky Warbler | KEWA | 5 / 25 | 7 / 15 | Moist deciduous woods, understory |
| Killdeer | KILL | 4 / 20 | 6 / 25 | Most open, sparsely vegetated areas |
| King Rail | KIRA | 5 / 1 | 8 / 31 | Fresh and brackish marshes |
| Laughing Gull | LAGU | 6 / 5 | 7 / 10 | Salt marshes |
| Lark Sparrow | LASP | 6 / 1 | 7 / 31 | Grass with low shrubs & open ground |
| Little Blue Heron | LBHE | 5 / 20 | 6 / 20 | Shrubs, trees near tidal water |
| Least Bittern | LEBI | 5 / 20 | 7 / 31 | Fresh and brackish water marshes |
| Least Flycatcher | LEFL | 6 / 5 | 7 / 20 | Wood edges, open deciduous woods |
| Long-eared Owl | LEOW | 5 / 1 | 9 / 30 | Evergreen forest |
| Lesser Scaup | LESC | 6 / 1 | 7 / 30 | |
| Least Tern | LETE | 5 / 25 | 7 / 5 | Beaches, coastal islands, spoil areas |
| Loggerhead Shrike | LOSH | 5 / 10 | 7 / 20 | Open country, hedgerows, cedars |
| Louisiana Waterthrush | LOWA | 5 / 1 | 7 / 10 | Rocky streams, sluggish backwaters |
| Mallard | MALL | 5 / 15 | 8 / 20 | High ground near water, often woods |
| Magnolia Warbler | MAWA | 6 / 10 | 8 / 5 | Northern coniferous forests |
| Marsh Wren | MAWR | 5 / 25 | 8 / 25 | Cattail and other tall marshes |
| Mississippi Kite | MIKI | 6 / 1 | 7 / 30 | |
| Mourning Dove | MODO | 4 / 15 | 7 / 20 | Suburbs, woodlots, farmland |
| Monk Parakeet | MOPA | 6 / 1 | 7 / 30 | |
| Mourning Warbler | MOWA | 6 / 15 | 7 / 31 | Brushy areas in woodlands or edges |
| Mute Swan | MUSW | 5 / 1 | 8 / 31 | Shore or islands in any water body |
| Nashville Warbler | NAWA | 5 / 25 | 8 / 15 | Swamp and bog areas |
| Northern Bobwhite | NOBO | 4 / 15 | 9 / 30 | Farmlands, near edge and hedgerows |
| Northern Cardinal | NOCA | 3 / 15 | 9 / 30 | Edge, brush. parks, suburbs |
| Northern Goshawk | NOGO | 4 / 15 | 8 / 31 | Large mature mixed woodlands |
| Northern Harrier | NOHA | 5 / 20 | 7 / 25 | Marshes, wet pastures and meadows |
| Northern Mockingbird | NOMO | 4 / 1 | 9 / 10 | Open country, hedgerows, suburbs |
| Northern Parula | NOPA | 6 / 1 | 8 / 15 | Moist woods, bottomlands, spruces |
| Northern Pintail | NOPI | / | / | |
| Northern Waterthrush | NOWA | 6 / 5 | 7 / 15 | Swamps and bogs, pond edges |
| Northern Rough-winged Swallow | NRWS | 5 / 25 | 6 / 20 | Near water with steep banks |
| Northern Shoveler | NSHO | 6 / 1 | 6 / 30 | |
| Northern Saw-whet Owl | NSWO | 5 / 5 | 9 / 10 | Mixed, moist woods, with conifers |
| Orchard Oriole | OROR | 6 / 1 | 7 / 5 | Edges, hedgerows, scattered trees |
| Olive-sided Flycatcher | OSFL | 6 / 15 | 7 / 31 | Northern conifers |
| Osprey | OSPR | 6 / 1 | 8 / 15 | Marshes, tidal water bodies, channel markers |
| Ovenbird | OVEN | 5 / 20 | 8 / 5 | Open mature mixed upland forest |
| Pied-billed Grebe | PBGR | 5 / 20 | 7 / 10 | Marshy or weedy ponds |
| Peregrine Falcon | PEFA | 5 / 20 | 8 / 15 | Cliffs, buildings, bridges |
| Piping Plover | PIPL | 5 / 15 | 7 / 20 | Sandy ocean beaches |
| Pine Siskin | PISI | 6 / 15 | 8 / 31 | Northern conifers |
| Pine Warbler | PIWA | 4 / 25 | 8 / 10 | Variety of pine forests |
| Pileated Woodpecker | PIWO | 3 / 15 | 8 / 31 | Deep woods, some secondary growth |
| Prairie Warbler | PRAW | 5 / 25 | 7 / 20 | Brushy fields, edges, small pines |
| Prothonotary Warbler | PROW | 5 / 10 | 7 / 20 | Swamps, bottomlands |
| Purple Finch | PUFI | 6 / 1 | 8 / 10 | Mixed woods, parklands, residential |
| Purple Gallinule | PUGA | 6 / 20 | 7 / 31 | Shrubby swamps |
| Purple Martin | PUMA | 6 / 1 | 6 / 25 | Open country, colonial |
| Rose-breasted Grosbeak | RBGR | 6 / 15 | 8 / 10 | Edges of moist deciduous woods |
| Ring-billed Gull | RBGU | / | / | |
| Red-breasted Merganser | RBME | / | / | |
| Red-breasted Nuthatch | RBNU | 6 / 1 | 7 / 31 | Coniferous or mixed woods |
| Red-bellied Woodpecker | RBWO | 3 / 15 | 8 / 31 | Variety of woodland habitats |
| Red-cockaded Woodpecker | RCWO | 3 / 15 | 8 / 31 | Loblolly pines |
| Red Crossbill | RECR | / | / | |
| Redhead | REDH | / | / | |
| Red-eyed Vireo | REVI | 6 / 1 | 7 / 31 | Variety of woodland habitats |
| Red-headed Woodpecker | RHWO | 5 / 25 | 8 / 20 | Open country with scattered trees |
| Ring-necked Duck | RNDU | 5 / 20 | 8 / 15 | |
| Ring-necked Pheasant | RNEP | 4 / 15 | 9 / 30 | Open country, pastures, fields |
| Rock Pigeon | ROPI | 1 / 1 | 12 / 31 | Cities, suburbs, farms, bridges |
| Roseate Tern | ROST | 5 / 25 | 7 / 5 | Beaches, coastal islands, spoil areas |
| Royal Tern | ROYT | 5 / 25 | 7 / 5 | Beaches, coastal islands, spoil areas |
| Red-shouldered Hawk | RSHA | 5 / 10 | 8 / 20 | Wet mixed forests, swamps |
| Red-tailed Hawk | RTHA | 5 / 10 | 8 / 20 | Mature forests, often near edges |
| Ruby-throated Hummingbird | RTHU | 5 / 15 | 7 / 31 | Open woodlands, edges |
| Ruddy Duck | RUDU | 6 / 10 | 8 / 25 | Dense marshes with open water |
| Ruffed Grouse | RUGR | 4 / 1 | 7 / 31 | Mixed upland woods |
| Red-winged Blackbird | RWBL | 5 / 1 | 7 / 10 | Marshes, ponds, meadows, hayfields |
| Sandwich Tern | SATE | 5 / 25 | 7 / 5 | Beaches, coastal islands, spoil areas |
| Savannah Sparrow | SAVS | 6 / 5 | 8 / 31 | Hayfields, wet meadows, pastures |
| Dark-eyed Junco (Slate-colored Junco) | SCJU | 6 / 1 | 7 / 31 | Edges of northern mixed forests |
| Scarlet Tanager | SCTA | 5 / 25 | 8 / 10 | Mature deciduous forests |
| Short-eared Owl | SEOW | 5 / 1 | 9 / 30 | Open pastureland, marshes, meadows |
| Seaside Sparrow | SESP | 6 / 1 | 8 / 10 | Salt marshes |
| Sedge Wren | SEWR | 6 / 10 | 9 / 20 | Wet meadows, marshes |
| Snowy Egret | SNEG | 5 / 20 | 6 / 30 | Shrubs, trees near tidal water |
| Snow Goose | SNGO | 6 / 1 | 7 / 30 | |
| Sora | SORA | 6 / 1 | 7 / 31 | Fresh marshes, wet meadows |
| Song Sparrow | SOSP | 5 / 1 | 7 / 31 | Brushy fields, marsh edges, suburbs |
| Spotted Sandpiper | SPSA | 6 / 10 | 6 / 30 | Beaches or rocky streams |
| Sharp-shinned Hawk | SSHA | 6 / 1 | 7 / 31 | Conifers in extensive woodlands |
| Saltmarsh Sharp-tailed Sparrow | SSTS | 6 / 1 | 8 / 10 | Salt marshes |
| Swallow-tailed Kite | STKI | / | / | |
| Surf Scoter | SUSC | / | / | |
| Summer Tanager | SUTA | 6 / 5 | 8 / 10 | Mixed dry upland woods |
| Swamp Sparrow | SWSP | 6 / 1 | 7 / 31 | Marshes, wet brushy areas, bogs |
| Swainson's Thrush | SWTH | 6 / 10 | 8 / 10 | Northern conifers, esp. spruce |
| Swainson's Warbler | SWWA | 4 / 20 | 8 / 31 | Brushy, moist forest |
| Tree Swallow | TRES | 5 / 25 | 6 / 25 | Open country near water |
| Tricolored Heron | TRHE | 5 / 20 | 6 / 30 | Shrubs, trees near tidal water |
| Trumpeter Swan | TRUS | / | / | |
| Tufted Titmouse | TUTI | 3 / 1 | 8 / 31 | Variety of woodland. habitats, suburbs |
| Turkey Vulture | TUVU | 5 / 15 | 8 / 20 | Woods, cliffs, caves, buildings |
| Upland Sandpiper | UPSA | 5 / 20 | 6 / 25 | Open grasslands and meadows |
| Veery | VEER | 6 / 10 | 8 / 10 | Moist mixed woods |
| Vesper Sparrow | VESP | 5 / 15 | 8 / 31 | Short grass areas, cultivated fields |
| Virginia Rail | VIRA | 5 / 20 | 8 / 15 | Fresh and brackish marshes |
| Warbling Vireo | WAVI | 6 / 10 | 8 / 10 | Open deciduous or riverside woods |
| White-breasted Nuthatch | WBNU | 5 / 10 | 8 / 15 | Variety of woodland habitats, suburbs |
| Western Kingbird | WEKI | / | / | |
| White-eyed Vireo | WEVI | 5 / 25 | 8 / 15 | Brushy areas, often near water |
| Worm-eating Warbler | WEWA | 5 / 20 | 7 / 20 | Deep deciduous woods |
| White Ibis | WHIB | / | / | |
| Willow Flycatcher | WIFL | 6 / 10 | 7 / 20 | Wet to fairly dry brushy areas |
| Willet | WILL | 6 / 10 | 7 / 1 | Salt marshes |
| Wilson's Plover | WIPL | 5 / 15 | 7 / 31 | Sandy ocean beaches |
| Wilson's Snipe | WISN | 6 / 1 | 7 / 15 | |
| Wild Turkey | WITU | 4 / 15 | 9 / 30 | Mature deciduous forests, edges |
| Winter Wren | WIWR | 5 / 20 | 8 / 31 | Moist woods with hemlocks |
| Wood Duck | WODU | 4 / 20 | 8 / 15 | Wooded swamps, fresh marshes, streams |
| Wood Thrush | WOTH | 5 / 25 | 8 / 20 | Variety of woodland habitats |
| Whip-poor-will | WPWI | 5 / 10 | 7 / 15 | Dry open upland woods |
| White-throated Sparrow | WTSP | 6 / 10 | 7 / 31 | Brushy openings |
| Yellow-breasted Chat | YBCH | 5 / 25 | 8 / 5 | Brushy fields, thickets, wood edges |
| Yellow-billed Cuckoo | YBCU | 6 / 15 | 7 / 31 | Variety of forest habitats, edges |
| Yellow-bellied Sapsucker | YBSA | 6 / 1 | 8 / 31 | Mixed woods, swamps, bogs |
| Yellow-crowned Night-Heron | YCNH | 4 / 20 | 6 / 30 | Wooded habitats, usually near water |
| Yellow-rumped Warbler (unid. Myrtle/Audubon's) | YRWA | 6 / 1 | 8 / 20 | |
| Northern Flicker (Yellow-shafted Flicker) | YSFL | 5 / 10 | 8 / 25 | Open woods, scattered trees, edges |
| Yellow-throated Vireo | YTVI | 5 / 25 | 8 / 15 | Tall deciduous trees |
| Yellow-throated Warbler | YTWA | 5 / 1 | 7 / 15 | Loblolly pines, sycamores |
| Yellow Warbler | YWAR | 6 / 1 | 7 / 10 | Wet brushy areas, farmlands |
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* Alpha Codes are also known as 'banding codes' (not AOU codes, which are numeric) ** Safe dates represent a window when a singing male is assumed not to be in migration, and therefore on territory. Some atlases do not use safe dates, because they prefer (given present knowledge) not to assume migration or territorial status of all individuals. Safe dates generally apply to the Possible breeding category only when used. |
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